Anne Lamott’s Overture: Lily Pads

Anne Lamott’s â€Å"Overture: Lily Pads†, presents a chain of faltered ventures for a mind-blowing duration by indicating that each falter has made her more grounded and exhibited that each hardship and tribulation of her reality has permitted her to become one bit nearer to God. My goal is to get an improved comprehension of the nature and capacity of Anne Lamott’s venture into her chose religion, which closes with her picking Christianity by tolerating Jesus’ everlasting adoration into her life. I will clarify her excursion just as how I might suspect she comprehends the idea of being â€Å"born again†. I wish to introduce how her definition, viewpoint and comprehension looks like or conceivably even contrasts from that of my own, empowering me to analyze and comprehend from another’s perspective. Anne Lamott’s mother and father were a long way from that of confidence and had the mentality that accepting implied that you were imbecilic. I think Lamott’s father hugy affected her delayed excursion into Christianity as she plainly clarifies his contempt of the confidence. Growing up longing for his satisfaction and endorsement she claims to excuse God to satisfy him. Her excursion begins with an adoration for Catholic Church. Her thoughts and impression of God originated from her companions convictions and her own energetic individual perspectives. She experienced childhood in a house flooding with liquor, pot, and secularism, through and through unquestionably meddling with her stroll with Christ. As a youngster she supplicated alone: â€Å"I simply realize I generally accepted and that I didn't tell a soul† (Lamott 624). The statement shows the depression and disarray she should have involvement with such a youthful age. Later Lamott starts to encircle herself with her friend’s family who all read the holy book, quote sacred writing and petition God for their kids every day, at long last impacting her such that she appears to be agreeable and energetic about. Be that as it may, as Lamott entered her mid adolescents she step by step floated from confidence and supplanted it with liquor, medications and sex. I accept school had a colossal effect on why she picked Christianity as her religion of decision. She gets attracted to Judaism as an impact of having numerous Jewish school companions, however doesn't really change over. Anyway in the wake of perusing a Christian book of scriptures story in one of her classes she states, â€Å"I left class accepting †tolerating †that there was a God† (Lamott 635). All through the following not many pages her perspectives on Christianity keep on changing, as she goes to and fro from having confidence in Christ to returning to her medication and sex crazed life. The gathering of another evangelist and visiting the Church now and again controls her the path back to God. Towards the last scarcely any pages of the composing Lamott is visited by Jesus after ailment following an ongoing fetus removal, dissipating every last bit of her incredulities, fears and empowering her to step by step discard the things she felt was unethical in her life, finishing with a strong and favored establishment of trust and confidence. Anne Lamott plainly communicates the highs and lows of her Christian walk, empowering the crowd to get a handle on the assortment of impacts and moreover outlining that her otherworldliness is really the tie that ties them all together. My comprehension of the idea being â€Å"born again† alludes to being conceived from above. From my perspective being â€Å"born again† implies realizing that God and Jesus are genuine. Being flooded with the Holy Spirit that brings the vibe of harmony and comprehension. To be conceived again is being excused for all past wrongdoing, regardless of what obscurities or violations you have submitted before, as the wonderful leniency of God is given openly. To be conceived again is to start from scratch, to wipe out every negative behavior pattern and sins just as adhering to the guidelines of the book of scriptures. Anne Lamott’s young comprehension of â€Å"born again† was that of a negative one because of her recently spared English instructor. Lamott composes; â€Å"I sobbed in Sue’s class at the selling out, and the delicate belittling endeavors to comfort me† (631). This was an outcome of her teacher’s choice to now depict and instruct her student’s through Christ’s eyes. This negatively affected Lamott, driving her the other way of Jesus, compelling her to get bothered and contentious conduct towards different Christians. Anne Lamott’s entry portrays the snapshot of her change into Christianity, she composes; â€Å"I hung my head and said â€Å"Fuck it: I very. I took a long full breath and said for all to hear, â€Å"All right. You can come in† (643). My own concept of being conceived again maybe wouldn’t incorporate coarse language and just ‘allowing† Jesus in, however would incorporate graveling at his feet, supplicating and longing for his pardoning of all my negligent sins. Which is the reason Anne Lamott’s comprehension of being spared varies so particularly from my own. Approaching the finish of the content we learn of Anne Lamott’s immersion, finishing pregnancy a man she was dating. This furthermore shows the contrast between my own and Lamott’s convictions. It shows that she isn’t totally following Gods will, untraditionally making a human life outside of the family structure God expected for each kid. In ‘Corinthians 7:2’ of the ‘Holy Bible’ it clarifies that innumerable evil individuals have unethical sex with only one parent present and should initially be hitched, so the spared can satisfy their interests in an ethical manner. In spite of the fact that I believe myself to be a new adherent, I feel that I should rehearse Gods demands, consequently training me directly from wrong. Despite the fact that Anne Lamott’s Christian convictions may not be viewed as flawless to a few, with all due respect she doesn't claim to have her life completely all together. It is an astounding story of how Jesus has had such a conspicuous effect on her life. ‘Overture: Lily Pads’ is a reasonable and veritable model for any peruser to identify with, as it is like our own excursions throughout everyday life. It promptly demonstrates what we have faith at the outset isn't generally the end we arrive at long last. Anyway the excursion is about the ride, helping us to get a handle on the procedure and exercise what we find en route.

Dimensional Printing Of Ceramic Scaffolds †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Examine About The Dimensional Printing Of Ceramic Scaffolds? Answer: Introducation This paper tries to appreciate the data behind the 3D printing exercises and procedures. The 3D printing has a history from the early hundreds of years in Greece where 3D objects were made also to one another. The printing includes the displaying and plan, improvement in the product lastly machining. There is a business side to the equivalent worried on the arrival on speculation and increment in the quantity of deals. It is considered as added substance producing that is because of the way that as opposed to expelling material to make a section or the whole plan model (Hobson, 2012). The plan experiences prototyping of particular parts and thinks about other future applications. The 3D printing method explains a portion of the weaknesses of the customary machining advances utilized underway at modern or assembling level. 3D printable models are produced utilizing the PC helped structure programming through a three-dimensional scanner or from a customary cardinal camera or programming. The manual displaying procedure of fixing geometric information for three-dimensional centralized server illustrations is undifferentiated from the physical embellishment of items (Fratzl, 2007). In 3D printing, there is an added substance modern course that makes the three-dimensional articles from the 3D advanced data gave. The three-dimensional advanced models are cut into numerous 2D cross-areas. These sectional parts are then printed out on one another. There are other 3D printers that are subtractive assembling procedures, for example, the CNC and processing processes(Lipson Kurman, 2013). These procedures are viewed as a different gathering and are alluded to as the machining forms. There are various types of procedures engaged with the creation of 3D materials, Powder based procedures Strong based procedures Paper-based procedures Fluid based procedures At first, one beginnings with the three-dimensional models that are at the structure stage. The data is contribution to the three-dimensional programming or an article is examined with the 3D scanner, on the off chance that one needs to create a genuine object or download a real document (Anderson, 2012). The bigger arrangement of people, despite everything have misgivings about 3D printing. Such uncertainty is ascribed to the way that it despite everything has numerous unexplored skylines. So also, the innovation has recently raised worries about wellbeing and issues managing piracy.The 3D printing programming bunches the model into numerous 3D cross-segments. As the world continues advancing, new advancements start developing. However, just a couple of new innovations, change the world totally and profoundly sway people groups lives(Kaur, 2012) At the point when the 3D model is cut, the information is coordinated to a 3D printer which remakes the item one layer on one another. The 3D printers move along the three-hub on the X, Y, Z facilitates. This is finished utilizing the FDM printer (Kamrani, 2006). One of the most noteworthy uses for 3D printing is inside the clinical industry(Greenemeier, 2013). In the clinical circle, the clinical experts can make a reproduction of the parts from the patients bodies when the should be worked on. The generation of the 3D printing thoughts makes it conceivable to make a section from the product in only two or three hours.The thought of 3D printing has happened for quite a long time with a beginning in Greece. The 3D printing or quick prototyping is utilized in designing to make models and models a lot quicker. The conventional assembling procedures, for example, the infusion forming, are less expensive per unit they are costly and tedious to arrangement or tooling thus a snappy option was looked for (Berman, 2012). The 3D printed parts and the open source GNU programming authorizing it permitted singular clients to drive advancements. As of recently 2005, the 3D printing was very costly and, for the better part, it is accessible just for the assembling business. There was a RepRap venture directed by Adrian Bowyer in the year 2005 that was a communitarian challenge to make a self-imitating machine. The task made the 3D printing utilize less expensive innovation, receive a patent lapse technique, and was made open source (D'Aveni, 2013). The conventional throwing strategy takes four to five months. One of their present ventures includes executing a 3D printer inside future transports so as to effortlessly supplant broken parts and assemble objects that may be required in external space(Seitz, et al., 2005). They have likewise started testing on 3D-printed rocket injectors.The making 3D models are made utilizing Computer Aided Design. There are strong modelers and work modelers are intended to show in solids. They are profitable for 3D printing since models will be complex and all models are traded to networks before printing. The parametric modelers are utilizing a lot of rules to characterize an item. It is utilized in the clinical and airplane business and the metal parts are displayed. The 3D printing faces various difficulties incorporate, Constrained and significant expense of materials Lack of quality of machines (20% reject rate) Difficulties scaling up innovation Speed and IP Natural concerns, surface completion, goals Mechanical properties, post handling, and still just creation shapes. There are seven distinct sorts of 3D printing, for example, the generous expulsion (FDM) as most open innovation and work area imitations are across the board. There is the material streaming which gives increasingly proficient models, multi-materials, and basic in configuration firms. The fastener streaming is the visual models, tooling, speculation throwing for the bigger stages. Distinctive research cases have demonstrated that it is really conceivable to have printouts of a wide scope of materials. There is a ton of developing utilization of the print innovation in the car and clinical circles. The sheet overlay has reams of paper go about as the base materials, low quality, and open doors for good goals shading. The Vat Polymerization is the SLA is the most seasoned 3D printing innovation, high goals however generally, and low quality parts, and the new work area adaptations are accessible. The print innovation can expel a few materials from the framework or model being planned. Powder based framework (SLS) has a more extensive scope of materials, very quality, practical parts, base materials is in powder structure and it is still at the modern scale. Coordinated Energy statement utilizes the electron Beam softening to play out the displaying and printing. At the point when an industry performs tweaked creation of materials, it isn't financially savvy to utilize a modern complex for creation. The materials or various structures can be created independently utilizing the 3D printers to guarantee that the framework produces a redid item. The use is normal for vintage vehicles and uniquely crafted vehicles that are uncommon and their extra parts are not acquired for an enormous scope. The utilization of 3D printing has expanded the segment usefulness. A great deal of variables should be viewed as, for example, the warm requirement to guarantee that the high warm conductivi ty of a structure is kept up and the printing procedure doesn't wreck a part. The arrangement of 3D printing has various merits, for example, The item development is as of now the fundamental utilization of 3D printing innovation. The specialists and dental specialists are utilizing the 3D printers to print segments of the body before doing the mind boggling medical procedures. The machine develops body parts, for example, the unions for the patients who have experienced the horrendous wounds. These are utilized to make substitution organs, for example, tooth or jaw segments. The NASA engineers have propelled the innovation in the aviation applications. The group at NASA utilizes the Fused Deposition Modeling to perform added substance assembling of the exceptionally unpredictable shapes and tough enough frameworks or structures. In advanced plane design, a portion of the pieces of the airplanes require the full model before get together. The draftsmen are likewise incredible clients of the 3D printing. For quite a while, planners have been utilizing blue print intends to show structures yet with the appearance of 3D printers, the draftsmen can utilize them to delineate the plan to their customers Craftsmen can exhibit their articles and thoughts that are mind blowing but then troublesome and costly to accomplish utilizing the present ideas with the conventional procedures. The 3D printers spare the association a ton of time, exertion, and the framework diminishes mistakes that are experienced while creating 3D objects utilizing conventional methods. Evalution There are varieties of 3D printing innovation, for example, the stereolithographic, FDM, and powdered Bed. The UV light is utilized to solidify photosensitive photopolymers and tars. There are melded testimony demonstrating and plastic fly printing has a liquefied plastic fiber pushed through a spout or an extruder. The regular plastics are the ABS and the PLA. A granular bed of materials is specifically melded by a laser. There are different materials, for example, metal combinations, metal powders, thermoplastics, and earthenware powders. On the financial scale, the added substance fabricating is presently a $2.2 billion industry all around. The market is required to significantly increase by the 2018 to about $6 billion. The infusion shaping business sector expected to be $252 billion out of 2018. Individuals utilize the 3D printing for prototyping, low volume fabricating, tooling, customer items, customization and personalization, workmanship and structure, training, and clinical usage. The three-dimensional displaying has plan opportunity and what you configuration is the thing that you print. The 3D printers can accomplish smoother and better completes than the machining procedures done by mill operators and machine machines or even the CNC machines. The printer can deliver items with exceptionally thick or meager estimations precisely as structured by the specialists or modelers. The items can catch the look or feel of things to come items. End In a nutshel

Why Barbiturates Are Highly Addictive

Why Barbiturates Are Highly Addictive Addiction Drug Use Prescription Medications Print Why Barbiturates Are Highly Addictive By Buddy T facebook twitter Buddy T is an anonymous writer and founding member of the Online Al-Anon Outreach Committee with decades of experience writing about alcoholism. Learn about our editorial policy Buddy T Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on January 05, 2016 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on May 03, 2019 DEA More in Addiction Drug Use Prescription Medications Cocaine Heroin Marijuana Meth Ecstasy/MDMA Hallucinogens Opioids Alcohol Use Addictive Behaviors Nicotine Use Coping and Recovery All sedatives, including barbiturates, can cause physical and psychological dependence even when they are taken at prescribed, therapeutic doses over a period of time. As with many drugs, barbiturate users can develop a tolerance for the drugs, meaning that they require increased dosages to achieve the same effect. The problem with barbiturate tolerance is that is very little difference between a safe dosage and one that is potentially fatal. What Is Barbiturate Dependence? Barbiturate users can become both physically and psychologically dependent upon the drug. Someone who is physically dependent will begin to feel restlessness, anxiety and experience insomnia if they try to cut back or stop their usage. People who become psychologically dependent on barbiturates have the feeling that they can not feel or function normally without the drug. In both types of dependence, seeking and using the drug becomes their primary focus in life. Dangers The danger of becoming dependent on sedatives or barbiturates occurs when the tolerance to the drug forces users to increase dosages which can easily become fatal. Symptoms of barbiturate overdose can include: Altered level of consciousnessDifficulty in thinkingDrowsiness or comaFaulty judgmentIncoordinationShallow breathingSlowness of speechSluggishnessSlurred speechStaggering Treatment for Withdrawal Withdrawal from barbiturate dependence is itself is dangerous and potentially life-threatening. Depending on the length of use and the amount of the drug used, withdrawal symptoms can range from restlessness and anxiety to convulsions and death. The danger of sudden death during barbiturate withdrawal is a major concern. Because of the dangers and medical complications of barbiturate withdrawal, detoxification is handled in an inpatient setting. Psychological Dependence Tough to Shake Barbiturate detoxification can take about 14 days before the physical withdrawal symptoms subside. The psychological dependence on barbiturate use, however, can require a long-term commitment to counseling, therapy, participation in support groups, and in some cases assignment to a halfway house after inpatient treatment ends.

Horatio Algers Ragged Dick Essay - 1012 Words

In Horatio Alger’s Ragged Dick, Alger writes about a rag-to-riches story and points out valid and key messages that tell of things like hard work and determination can take anyone from the bottom to the top, despite one’s economic class. I do realize that in real life that although these messages hold key to making it in the world, everyone does not have the equal opportunity to succeed or move up in class rankings like Alger says. Dick, the main character in Ragged Dick, is a man that fits every trait Alger describes in the story. He is a man who has a mediocre job, and is a very hard worker. Throughout the story, signs show us that Dick is a man who has ambition and is very determined to one day get away from his poor†¦show more content†¦Situations like these create problems and make it hard for all people to move up in society, which is something that Alger does not point out. For years, many people continue to work hard in order to one day to reach the upper class. However, for most of us making high amounts of six figures or better is really a dream and never shapes into reality. Writer Gregory Mantsios in his article â€Å"Class in America†, talks about these things, and how wide the gap is between the rich and the poor and also discusses how the rich continue to get richer, while the poor continue to get poorer. Mantsios gives his readers the profiles and backgrounds of three hard-working Americans, two of them are white males, whose family background as well as education played a role in their success, while the other person is a black woman who is just above the poverty line despite her work as a nurse’s aide. Through these profiles, Mantsios article shows exactly how sex, race and shows how your parental and educational background of a person can play a role in the things that you achieve. Mantsios also talks about one’s performance in school and the level of school completed can suggest whether or not class that person may belong in. Mantsios gives his readers great evidence and details that not only show class distinctions in our society, but how the chances to move up from the poor to wealthy is one in aShow MoreRelated Comparing Success in Horatio Algers Ragged Dick and the Life of Colin Powell1062 Words   |  5 PagesSuccess in Horatio Algers Ragged Dick and the Life of Colin Powell What does success mean to you? I think the idea of success is affected by the social system. In America and Hong Kong, which are capitalistic societies affected by the American Dream, success means money and fame. In other societies, success might have different meanings. Some people said money and fame is the true meaning of success, but I think that the true meaning of success is to follow the interest of your own and beingRead MoreMinor Characters in Ragged Dick1605 Words   |  7 PagesThe Role of Minor Characters in Ragged Dick It is impossible for the minor characters in Ragged Dick to have a fair chance at being recognized as decent members of society because of the emphasis Horatio Alger Jr. places on Dick Hunter. The better qualities of Dick are constantly being reminded to the reader, giving them little room to disagree with Alger’s heroic portrayal of him. Horatio Alger Jr.’s preference to homosexuality also reflects his choice in excluding any useful female charactersRead MoreA Life Of A Hero1125 Words   |  5 PagesA Life of a Hero Horatio Alger’s novels Ragged Dick was written in the 1800’s, about a young boy called Richard Hunter. Richard Hunter was from the working class, financially poor trying to survive in the tough city of New York. Richard’s goal to write in the 1800’s, about a young boy called Richard Hunter. Richard Hunter was from the working class, financially poor trying to survive in the tough city of New York. Richard’s goal to achieve the American Dream. Dick gives an awesome example of theRead MoreThe American Dream: A False Sense of Hope Essay1543 Words   |  7 PagesAmerican Dream by promising wealth or fame to many others, a false sense of hope has been created for those who are economically marginalized. In our country’s long history, there have been many similar accounts of these events. From the stories of Horatio Alger to multiple classic Disney films to some of the world’s most famous celebrities, there has always been a time where a person has risen from a lower economical ranking to being successful and wealthy. Surprisingly however, the concept of theRead MoreSocial Class Of Social Mobility1491 Words   |  6 Pagesthrough talent and a moral high ground has transcended generations and cemented itself in American culture. One of the stories that deeply perpetuates this idea of social mobility is Horatio Alger’s â€Å"Ragged Dick.†Alger tells a the story of a man who unknowingly seizes an opportunity and achieves social mobility: Dick completely disregards his own safety and saves the drowning son of a business tycoon without hearing the business man’s initial monetary offer— acting simply on his moral high-groundRead MoreMyth of Mone y and Success Essay1254 Words   |  6 Pagespossessions. In today’s society, we all hope and strive for this dream, but how many actually achieve the American Dream? Is it a reasonable goal that Americans should strive for, or is it a myth that only leads to self-destruction? According to Horatio Alger and Toni Cade Bambara, they both believe the concept that the American Dream is a myth and prove these fundamentals through their writing. A single person or a small group does not create the notion of success, but it is created by our wholeRead MoreThe American Dream: Malcolm X and Rugged D.1643 Words   |  7 PagesMalcolm X and Ragged D â€Æ' Throughout history, individuals have strived to achieve the â€Å"American Dream.† Whether they worked endless hours to achieve financial stability or fought infinite amounts of people for their equality, their drive came from the understanding that if they tried hard enough, they would be prosperous and successful. The different viewpoints of the â€Å"American Dream† are depicted in the books, The Autobiography of Malcolm X, as told by Alex Haley, and Ragged Dick, Or, Street LifeRead MoreThe Education System Of The United States971 Words   |  4 Pagespeople that we have in this country and to decrease the amount of student loans. Horatio Alger suggests in his story of â€Å"Ragged Dick, that everyone has a chance to succeed based on their merits. Harlan Dalton, however, says that this is not in fact true. Everyone has a chance to achieve based on hard work and perseverance, but just because you have luck or achievements does not mean that you will succeed. â€Å"The Horatio Alger myth conveys three basic messages: (1) each of us is judged solely on herRead MoreThe American Dream By Thomas Jefferson1329 Words   |  6 Pages..†(Meacham). Many Americans were determined to recreate themselves in the new land and faith boosted their confidence. After the move west the U.S. population rapidly increased and their was an influx of jobs. In Horatio Alger’s Ragged Dick anything was a job the main character, Dick would even, â€Å"...devote half his day to blacking boots† (Alger). Dick’s hard work and confidence made him really start the dream, however he was rewarded by his good intentio ns as a result of his good faith. From theRead MoreRereading America: The Myth of Individual Opportunity2000 Words   |  8 Pagesof a respectable person at a job interview might be enough to put a person in the path of opportunity and the American dream. One could literally start a new life with a new suit of clothes, such as in the case of the main character in Horatio Algers Ragged Dick. That character was able to start a completely new life, one of respectability and one in which he had a real shot at reaching the American dream, simply by throwing off the trappings and appearance of his old, hobo-style life and taking

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Conflict In Algeria Between Their French Settlers History Essay Free Essays

This paper aims to explicate and analyse the instance of the struggle between the Algerian population and their Gallic colonists. The ground of the struggle is the dissension of the Algerians with the unjust intervention the Gallic were giving to them specially in footings of instruction, political relations and life quality. The construction of this paper is to measure the struggle harmonizing to the content of the class of â€Å" Conflict Management † foremost supplying a general background of the state of affairs and analysing if it is a struggle or a difference. We will write a custom essay sample on Conflict In Algeria Between Their French Settlers History Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now Then the writers classify the struggle harmonizing to several standards and province if it is an intractable or manipulable struggle placing the phases it has been trough. And there is besides an analysis of the used schemes and if those schemes brought a declaration or a colony, it is traveling to be examined the relationship of the parties and the trust among them. Finally there are besides studied the unethical tactics and the type of scheme used. In order to recognize this undertaking there were used several beginnings from Data bases that contains newspapers articles and magazines articles. The writers besides used secondary informations that has been collected by other beginnings such as some dependable web pages. Conflict in Algeria Background The Algerian Independence procedure began in 1954 because of the Algerians ‘ dissatisfaction with being treated as 2nd -class citizens by the Gallic colonial authorities. The revolution ‘s philosophical foundations came from the privileged Algerians who were skilled by the Gallic instruction system[ 1 ]. As a effect of this Algerians started to considerate military solutions as the lone manner to accomplish ego finding. This was leaded by a group called the national release forepart ( FLN ) under the leading of Ahmed Ben Bella who was looking frontward to a independent Algeria, a societal democratic state within an Islamic model.[ 2 ] At the get downing the military motions did non hold mass popular support ; nevertheless the oppressive Gallic reprisals for European victims started traveling popular sentiment behind the FLN. As the struggle was turning up the Gallic Army sent over 400,000 soldiers to Algeria in an effort to fleetly oppress the independency motion, their barbarous repute and contempt for the local public non merely served to mobilise the understandings of the local public in favour of independency[ 3 ], but besides turned universe sentiment against France. France turned into a immense concentration camp the Algerian district where mass apprehension and anguish were implemented to interrupt the financess of the independent motions. The struggle was turning fast, the figure of victims rose and the Algerians where desperate and needed desperately the triumph. In 1958 is carried out the putsch that brought back into power the Gallic Charles de Gaulle after 10 old ages of absence. Afterwards the terminal of the war came with the Evian understanding signed in March 18, 1962 between France and theA FLN, which ended the war and grantedA Muslim independency for Algeria[ 4 ]. Harmonizing to the information given in category we can categorise this state of affairs as a struggle because it occurred in a long period of clip, it has its roots really back in the yesteryear, around the 1800 with the Gallic colonialism in northern Africa but the independency procedure started in 1954. It is besides consider as a struggle because it involves non-negotiable issues such as the misdemeanor of human rights. We besides identify a zero-sum game thought because both parties ( Gallic authorities and the Algerians ) were non interested in making a dialogue that suits both sides demands, they had wholly opposite involvements. The effects of the war were lay waste toing both pecuniary and human lifes, the Gallic victims where about 100.000 and the Algerians loses exceed a million while another one million eight hundred 1000 people where refugees[ 5 ]. These types of effects are besides relevant to tag this scenario as a struggle Algerian struggle categorization Forms of manifestation: the Algerian struggle is a violent one because in the independent motions of this state were involved the Gallic ground forces an another armed groups who finished off with many civilians lifes, it is besides an intractable struggle because making an understanding was a unsmooth and hard procedure that took really long clip. Scope: this struggle is systemic because harmonizing to the definition, it involves parties within and outside a territorial lodger or nationality of the parties involved. The Algerian district, dwellers and authorities and it ‘s encroachers the Gallic and besides the international community who did n’t take part straight in the struggle but ever manifestate the dissension with the Gallic behaviour towards Algeria. Percept: The struggle is non pseudo because the dissension does be, and besides the beings of opposite involvement it is besides expressed, so harmonizing to the perceptual experience the struggle is existent. Both parties show their involvements and demands, their differences, mutual exclusivenesss and opposite precedences, and cognize what the other ‘s party are. Causes: Harmonizing to causes, the struggle is political because it involves the authorities engagement and there is besides the presence of cultural struggles, race murders and war in general. But it besides can be seen as an ideological struggle because the Algerians where in dissension with the Gallic authorities in the manner they were treated and they supported the group called the national release forepart ( FLN ) who helped to distribute through the whole state the independency feelings. Consequences: The effects of this struggle were destructive because of all the economical, political, territorial and human losingss that result from this independency war. Beginnings: The state of affairs between Algeria and the Gallic colonial authorities is a struggle of involvement where both parties have wholly different demands and they try to enforce their ain to the other. Organizational degree: Harmonizing to the organisational degree this struggle can non be classified since it does non take topographic point into an organisation, but we could state that it is an intergroup struggle since it involves two different groups Tractable or Intractable Harmonizing to the definition given by Peter T. Coleman â€Å" Intractable struggles are those that persist for long periods of clip, are destructive and resist every effort to decide them constructively † . Thus we can state this is an intractable struggle since it last long clip and presented a great figure of casualities, one hundred thousand Gallic colonists and soldiers died, while over one million Algerian civilians and guerillas were executed and killed.[ 6 ] The struggle besides was hard to work out because both parties had wholly opposite aims and moral differences. Phases of the Conflict Latent Conflict: Since 1830 when France invaded a colonize Algeria. Conflict Emerge: The motion for independency came from the Algerians ‘ dissatisfaction with being treated as second-class citizens by the Gallic colonial authorities.[ 7 ] Conflict Escalation: Many conditions encouraged this escalation. After the Indochina War Algerians soldiers began to see that it was clip to obtain independency for Algeria and as the Gallic colonial authorities did non desire to lose their land, on November 1, 1954, FLNA launched onslaughts in assorted parts of the district against military installings, constabulary stations, warehouses, communications installations, and public public-service corporations. Both parties said the lone manner to carry through their aims was war[ 8 ] Deadlock: Around 1958-9, they realized the struggle was merely go forthing many deceases puting them in a Mutually Hurting Stalemate. De-escalation / Negotiation: Started once more on 1961 at Evian when Gallic authorities reopenedA negotiations with the FLN. Dispute Colony: Finally reached on 1962 with the Evian Accords. Both sides of the struggle were using a distributive scheme because their primary Interests were opposed and did non mind about the other or their relationship. The struggle was resolved by the Evian Accords, the consequence of dialogues between representatives of France and the Probationary Government of the Algerian Republic ( GPRA ) formed by the National Liberation Front ( FLN ) during the Algerian war.A These understandings were signed March 18, 1962 in Evian and consequence in an immediate armistice applied to the full Algerian district. The Evian Accords besides allowed the colons equal legal protection with Algerians over a three-year period. These rights, among others, included regard for belongings, engagement in public personal businesss, and a full scope of civil and cultural rights[ 9 ] Competitive or concerted? It was preponderantly competitory, due to both parties were oriented to single benefits and additions, France and Algeria were working against the other for maximization of self-interest, France concentrated all its forces to retain the â€Å" Gallic Algeria †[ 10 ]and the FLN ( Front de Liberation Nationale ) was taking the mutuality from France. Towards the terminal of 1995 France and Algeria was involved in a complete clime of war[ 11 ]. Presence of power Algeria did non hold much power because the initial military actions were limited and were without mass popular support, alternatively, France had more military power, but that was non plenty to hinder the Algerian independency. As the struggle grew the Gallic Army sent over 400,000 soldiers to Algeria in an effort to fleetly oppress the independency motion, their barbarous repute and contempt for the local public non merely served to mobilise the understandings of the local public in favour of independency, but besides turned universe sentiment against France[ 12 ]. Trust, how to construct it? There was n’t, swear in fact people thought that it was n’t a manner to decide the job, as the Gallic curate of interior, socialist Francois Mitterrand said â€Å" the lone possible dialogue is war. † They can construct trust doing an understanding, but the of import point is non to do it but to carry through it, both parties would hold to maintain their promises, act as expected and put trust in the other, in this manner France and Algeria would make a concretion based trust. Unethical tactics and schemes There was n’t unethical tactics but societal contract and terminal consequence moralss used because both parties ( Algerian population and Gallic colonial authorities ) were believing that mass apprehensions and anguish was right for the society so it would be right for the persons and they thought that was ethical if they achieve what they want it and it does n’t count how this was obtained. There was used contending as a scheme for dialogue, because both parties were seeking to carry the other to accept what they wanted that favor one ‘s ain involvements. Negotiation between the parties the independency tide was unstoppable, in 1962 the Evians Accord signaled France ‘s credence of self finding for the Algerian people and laid out the timetable for eventual Algerian independency in 1962 with Ben Bella as its first President[ 13 ], so, in this struggle was used a dialogue as via media, because France give up and accept the Algerian independency. Decisions The issue can be classified as a struggle because the Gallic colonial authorities and the Algerians had really of import differences and thought making an understanding was impossible. It was destructive ; this struggle let 1000000s of dead Gallic and Algerians. Although making an understanding seemed to be impossible the Algerians achieved it taking advantage of the failing phase France was traveling through and the dissension of the international community with its colonisation procedure. This struggle is chiefly political because it consists of an cultural struggles, race murders and war in general. The struggle was resolved in 1962 with the Evian ‘s agreement in which France accepted the conditions that leaded to the Algerian independency. How to cite Conflict In Algeria Between Their French Settlers History Essay, Essay examples

Needs of Clients with Alcohol and/or Drugs Issues

Question: Discuss the Needs of Clients with Alcohol and/or Drugs Issues. Answer: Activity 1 At which stage of change do you think Leo may be and why? In this case study, the client, Leo has been working as a forklift driver. His workmates have raised an issue of excessive alcohol intake against him, which he has denied, however he admitted the same when asked by the authority. In order to analyse this behaviour of Leo, it can be said that he is going through the second stage of the Change Model, which is Contemplation. This stage refers to the condition when a person is aware about his or her bad behaviour or addiction, yet is not ready to change it (Prochaska, 2013). The remark made by Leo stating that he is not drinking more than his workmates, is indicative of his acknowledgement of his addition to alcohol. However, neither is he showing a concern for his addiction nor a willingness to change such behaviour. Give an example of a brief intervention response to Leo. Leo can be counselled with the technique called Brief Intervention, which is a procedure to initiate changes in a person who is addicted to an unhealthy or risky behaviour such as smoking, alcohol misuse or lack of exercise. According to Kaner et al. (2013), it is the process of screening to analyse the risk level in individuals prone to drinking. This process uses a tool known as the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT). The work procedure of this technique can be applied in two methods such as, Influencing people to think differently about their alcohol consumption to change their behaviour Encouraging people to drink with skills that the beverages (alcohol) cannot affect their health and it can be used in a safer way Activity 2 At which stage of change do you think Rod may be and why? In this case study, Rod is addicted to the habit of smoking and has recently been diagnosed with a heart disease for which doctors have advised to give up smoking. He has tried his level best to give up the habit but he has failed to do so. This stage is considered as the fourth stage of the Change Model, referred to as the Action or Willpower stage. This stage refers to the condition of a person who is aware of the bad habit and is willingly trying to overcome it. People need to possess a firm determination to change any behaviour; otherwise they have to face the greatest risk for relapse (Zemore and Ajzen, 2014). Therefore, Rod is going through a very sensitive stage of change. Activity 3 List five cognitive effects that Tony may exhibit. According to the case study, Tony is suffering from Alcohol Related Brain Injury or ARBI, which has made him jobless and fully unemployed. Additionally, he is also not fit physically to begin work. Therefore, he is searching for a permanent accommodation. The cognitive effects that Tony may exhibit are following (Atkins et al., 2015) The disorder has made him very impulsive and reckless, therefore, he will be facing problem in controlling his behaviour The result of this ARBI can make his mood disorder, and it might be ended in depression He can feel lack of motivation. He can be socially isolated from others. He can face attention and concentration problems. What would you need to take into account when communicating with Tony and any agencies you may be in contact with, regarding his income and housing? When communicating with Tony, one should try and interact more with him, so that it does not feel him isolated from the society, as he is not able to work due to his physical shortcoming. Therefore, he needs special care and affection from the people. Moreover, people should be humble with him as well as sympathetic to his condition (Brighton et al., 2015). Additionally, he should be motivated for living his future life with confidence. Moreover, Tony has to feel a sense of confidence, courage and hope, even in the light of such misfortune.. As he has not any resource of income, therefore, he has to be referred to get an house of low cost else in a care home where he can get treatment along with accommodation. Activity 4 List Fionas immediate, medium term and long-term needs, as identified through your initial discussion According to the case study, Fiona is suffering from addiction to alcohol and she is not able to take care of her little daughter. Therefore, she needs treatment to get rid of this addiction to lead a normal and healthy life with her daughter. She is suffering from a problem in her relationship with her partner as her partner has blamed her about his arrest and punishment of jail. Therefore, now she needs legal help to handle this problem. Additionally, she needs an accommodation that will be permanent in nature, as she has spent a few days in the jail and now has nothing to do. Therefore, she is need of a permanent accommodation on a long-term basis. Using interpersonal skills are important in the process of communication when trying to determine effective referral pathway. List at least 4 steps that are involved in this process to ensure appropriate referrals are made. (Refer to learning guide) Interpersonal skills are necessary for understanding the problems faced by Fiona. She needs help from the General Practice Clinic to arrange an accommodation for living. In this context, she should be communicated to with a positive attitude that can give her confidence to solve her problem. Additionally, the use of a sympathetic approach should make her comfortable with the nurse when arranging accommodation for her (Koprowska, 2014). She should be treated by the organisation that can transform self-confidence to her and finally, the ability to coping with pressure can help her to fight the situation. Identify four agencies that may be appropriate referrals, and that can provide services to meet Fionas needs. State why the agencies you identify are appropriate. The four agencies that may be appropriate referrals, which can provide assistance to Fiona and meet her needs are mentioned below: Fiona has been suffering from alcohol addiction, therefore she has to be send to a drug rehabilitation agency to get rid of her addiction to alcohol A legal harassment and problem has raised with her partner, therefore, she needs a good lawyer to manage her problem with her partner. She needs to get a permanent accommodation for living her life peacefully with her daughter. Therefore, she needs to contact a real estate company to get a house at low cost. There are no source of income for her and her English is very poor, therefore she needs to take admission in a training centre where she would be able to get proper guidance and training. Assume you will need to make a referral phone call to one of the agencies you have identified. (You do NOT need to call them, just keep them in mind as you answer the following questions) Identify the referral agency you will call In this case, the Drug Rehabilitation Centre is considered to develop the questionnaire to ask them about the client, Fiona. She will be sent to them to get treatment for her addiction to alcohol. The tele conversation would be as follows, Our client Fiona is suffering from intense alcohol addiction and facing many problems in her personal life as she has a little daughter. She has made futile attempts twice previously to give this up. Therefore, she will be sent to your centre so that she may be treated and show positive signs of recovery. Write a checklist of questions you will need to ask the referral agency, and the type of information needed by your client. The Drug Rehabilitation Centre should be asked the following questions. Q1. What is the location of your centre? Q2. When can I send the client to you for a conversation? Q3. How much your treatment will be beneficial for the patient? Reference List Atkins, S., Rackham, K., Acevedo, J., Dowman, J. K., Fowell, A. J., Aspinall, R. J. (2015). PWE-138 Increasing burden of alcohol related brain injury is disproportionate to hospital admissions with liver disease.Gut,64(Suppl 1), A273-A273. Brighton, R., Moxham, L., Traynor, V. (2012). Support and services for people with alcohol-related brain injury.Australian Nursing and Midwifery Journal,20(3), 36. Kaner, E., Bland, M., Cassidy, P., Coulton, S., Dale, V., Deluca, P., ... Newbury-Birch, D. (2013). Effectiveness of screening and brief alcohol intervention in primary care (SIPS trial): pragmatic cluster randomised controlled trial.Bmj,346, e8501. Koprowska, J. (2014).Communication and interpersonal skills in social work. Learning Matters. Prochaska, J. O. (2013). Transtheoretical model of behavior change. In Encyclopedia of behavioral medicine(pp. 1997-2000). Springer New York. Zemore, S. E., Ajzen, I. (2014). Predicting substance abuse treatment completion using a new scale based on the theory of planned behavior.Journal of substance abuse treatment,46(2), 174-182.

Music Exam Quizzes Flashcard

Music Exam Quizzes

Evolution essays

Evolution essays People have always wondered how life originated and how so many different kinds of plants and animals arose. Myths and Theories of a supernatural creation of life developed among many peoples. The Bible, for example, tells of God's creation of humans and other higher animals over several days. Many people also believed that insects, worms, and other lower creatures spontaneously generated from mud and decay. Long after these stories became rooted in tradition, scientists began to question them. In my report, I will discuss these different theories The definition of evolution is included below, directly from Websters Dictionary. evolutionPronunciation: "e-va-'l-shunFunction: nounEtymology: Latin evolution-, evolutio unrolling, from evolvereDate: 16221 : one of a set of prescribed movements2 a : a process of change in a certain direction. b : the action or an instance of forming and giving something off. c (1) : a process of continuous change from a lower, simpler, or worse to a higher, more complex, or better state : growth 2) : a process of gradual and relatively peaceful social, political, and economic advance d : something evolved3 : the process of working out or developing4 a : the historical development of a biological group (as a race or species) : phylogeny b : a theory that the various types of animals and plants have their origin in other preexisting types and that the distinguishable differences are due to modifications in successive generations5 : the extraction of a mathematical root6 : a process in which the whole universe is a progression of interrelated phenomena As you can see, I have underlined and bolded what I believe the different definitions of evolution may be, as discussed in this report. There are many theories and myths about evolution. For example, here is a quote from Chief Weneinock of Yakima God created the Indian country and it was as if he spread ou...

Writing Today, Ch. 30, pp. 570-72; Chapter 3, pp. 27-37 Essay

Writing Today, Ch. 30, pp. 570-72; Chapter 3, pp. 27-37 - Essay Example In this internship period, I used many computer aided devices to come up with routine calculations and therefore creating perfect project research and development timeline. As I worked on all these, I became more and more familiar with the problems that are experienced in these company and suggested and implemented many ideas to solve these problems. In addition to this experience, I am about to graduate with a Bachelor’s degree in Computer Science from Texas Wesleyan University. My concrete knowledge in Computer Science and software design will enable me to give the best services in your company as a forensic digital data analyst. I am looking forward to being invited for an interview in your company to expound on my knowledge and experience and what I will do for your company and further discuss my suitability for this position. You can ore details on me on my attached

Serbian and Kyrgyz Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Serbian and Kyrgyz - Essay Example Like the European monarchs after 1848, post- Soviet most influential men (Gordy 78-80; Jennings) have grown massively concerned concerning the transnational increase of revolution. Most states have already begun taking countermeasures to strip off such likelihood (Woodward 123; Gordy 78-80). These democratic revolutions which have occurred amongst the post-communist (Woodward 123) nations present a challenge for social science hypothesizing, due to the cross situation motivations that in part drive their spread violate the conjecture of the independence of cases that lies at the basis of much social scientific analysis both analyses based on the Millian (Woodward 123) method, as well as those statistical analyses that rely on the thought and notion that the result of each throw off the political dice (Woodward 123) is independent of the results of prior throws. With each iteration the shape has adjusted somewhat as it faces the reality of local factors (Woodward 123; Kapatadze, 186). However its main features have revolved around six elements: the use of stolen elections as the occasion for massive mobilizations against pseudo-democratic regimes; foreign support for the development of local democratic movements (Woodward 123); the organization of extreme youth movements using unorthodox protest (Kapatadze, 186) tactics preceding the polls in order to undermine the regime’s popularity (Kapatadze, 186) and will to suppress and to arrange for a final showdown (Woodward 123; Kapatadze, 186); a united opposition established in part through foreign prodding; external diplomatic pressure and unusually large electoral monitoring; and (Woodward 123); massive mobilization upon the announcement of fraudulent electoral results and the use of non- violent resistance tactics taken directly from the work of Gene Sharp, the guru of non-violent

Personal Development Through Reflective Practice Personal Development Essay

Personal Development Through Reflective Practice Personal Development Essay The learning set was created on the first day of the course. Members were chosen at random based on their seating position in the room and that fellow work colleagues could not be part of any group. Our set therefore consisted of six strangers from different backgrounds and organisations. No direction was given about learning sets theory or practice. We met as a group over a period four months. Initially we struggled with making our learning set work. At times we wanted to apply formal structures. For example in week 3 we tried a self evaluation exercise from a text book (Pedler, Burgoyne, Boydell, 2007). Whilst that was helpful from an individual perspective it did not fully clarify what we were meant to achieve via the set or satisfy the eagerness of some members to put structures in place. However over a period of time the group has now gelled and is less negative about the concept of the learning set. We are still not fully behaving as a set as defined by theory e.g. we dont always spend time at each meeting to discuss specific issues, often digressing into wider debates (Revans, 1978) As a group we have followed the various stages of Tuckmans classic team development model. (Alan Chapman/Businessballs.com, 2010). The application of this model is shown in Appendix 1 Account of Learning Gains I was initially critical of the learning set process, as like others, I could not see where it was going beyond being a talking shop. Nonetheless I can see now that the process has developed me personally. This is not uncommon. for those who have persisted with the process (of action learning sets) this talk has proved to be a powerful agent of personal and business change (Clarke et al, 2006). I have learnt about my own and others learning styles. My learning style is activist/pragmatist (Appendix 2) compared to others in the group who were more in the styles of reflectors/theorists and therefore wishing to apply a more rigorous approach before engaging in the process. The set has allowed me to reflect on this style and I am now more reflective in my actions. I now consider options before acting whereas before I would almost identify the route to resolving a problem and determine my actions accordingly. My reflective diary shows that I have become more aware of group dynamics and how people behave in groups (appendix 3). This in turn has helped me make changes to my managerial style and behaviour in situations at work. It has also made me realise that as a manager you need to be continually reflecting and re-acting to deal with an ever changing world. I can now see that learning can be a social process and that learning is dynamic and affected by social context. Whilst we as a group have only had limited formal learning set time, what has really been effective is the informal time we have had as a learning set and as a cohort with other learners. In that time we have shared our experiences and learnt from each other. I have also developed friendships through this process. I am a now also more questioning and challenging of assumptions I may have held. The academic reading has helped me to do this but so too has having the opportunity to question and be questioned in a safe environment. At times this has been uncomfortable but the rigour of keeping a reflective diary has been invaluable in enabling me to see this. A Learning Set Process Review One of the key issues the set struggled with was not having a facilitator or any formal input to guide us from the onset. This had the potential to make the set a talking shop, which in the early days it was. Some timely input was provided but as Revans stated it is by being comrades in adversity i.e. having to make sense of the learning set for our MBA that we managed to progress. (Revans, 1978). On balance I would say that having a facilitator to provide the set with a steer and maintain focus would be something I would change in future. Alternatively an introductory session on the principles of learning sets would have been helpful, though I appreciate, having been through the process, that this could potentially bias the learning that could be achieved. Bourner et al found that setting up set randomly had the potential of creating a group of group of leftovers who did not benefit from the learning set process. (Bourner Weinstein, 1996). This happened in our overall group and did influence my thinking about whether I should move sets but my overall comfortableness with ours and what I had surmised about others clouded my own thoughts around whether I should move sets (appendix 3). We had consistent attendance from members, except for one person who missed the initial sessions as well as the mining museum event. He subsequently did not return. I would argue that for the process to benefit an individual then s/he must attend regularly so that relationships as well as confidence to question can be built up. Commitment to the process is therefore critical. Time in meetings was also a critical factor. We probably only have had a handful of set meetings where we followed our agreed structure of each member putting forward an issue for debate. As we met only once a week meetings often did not get going and on occasions the time was taken up with other course related activities. We should have created opportunities to meet outside the set or used electronic means to communicate. Having people who were outside of each others work context helped set members gain views that are independent but also enabled members to talk frankly without fear of breaching confidentiality or work related sensitivities. This is a very powerful tool as often managers do not have access to such individuals. However that does require a certain amount of trust between members. This particularly helped me with the issue I brought to the learning set (appendix 3). The process also allowed us to have some thinking time outside of normal day to day work activities, again something that managers dont often find time to do. One hour just was not enough. I would change the time to at least one and a half hours. KEY SKILLS Ability to build sophisticated relationships with a variety of stakeholders and customers to help meet strategic organisational goals Dynamic leadership and management skills to lead and motivate individuals and teams to achieve targets and outcomes Excellent negotiating and problem solving skills Excellent influencing skills with excellent interpersonal and communication skills, both oral and written EMPLOYMENT HISTORY Development Manager Childrens Workforce Development Council May 2008 present Manage a team of 3 staff over seeing England wide youth workforce reform projects totaling over  £4m Member of management team for overall youth workforce reform programme with a total three year budget of  £25m Interim Head of Operations, North of England/East Midlands Equality and Human Rights Commission (EHRC) October 2007 April 2008 Managed the setting up of four English regions for the newly created EHRC Provided leadership and direction to help each region produce strategic scoping reports mapping the equalities terrain to help inform future planning Regional Director, North of England and East Midlands Commission for Racial Equality (CRE) Oct 2006 to Oct 2007 Directed 4 regional offices with 13 staff based in Manchester, Leeds, Newcastle and Nottingham and ensured very effective working relationships with key regional agencies Prepared, delivered and evaluated the regional business plan Introduced and managed innovative art based projects in Merseyside, West Yorkshire and Middlesbrough respectively to support local level equality voluntary sector Carried out a fundamental review of equality networks across the North of England Diversity Director, North of England (secondment) Acas April 2004 to October 2006 Managed Acas equality work for the North of England Specialist diversity lead on three person Acas team that delivered collaborative working training to the United Nations in New York Developed first ever Acas/North West Development Agency Memorandum of Understanding for work on equality and diversity across the whole North West region Managed the first ever joint Business in The Community/Acas equality conference in March 2006 Conceptualised and project managed the first ever Fair Employment Zone with a budget of  £200k to provide employers with support, guidance and training on equality and diversity Head of Private Sector, Commission for Racial Equality October 2002 to March 2004 Lead the CREs national private sector team of 12 staff based in multiple locations and a budget of  £600k Developed and managed the CREs new strategy for working with the private sector Negotiated sponsorship of  £100k from HSBC and Post Office Ltd for the CREs Guide to Small to Medium enterprises Oversaw the production of the revised CRE Statutory Code of Practice in Employment Director, Equality Direct June 2001 to September 2002 Successfully set up and managed the first ever national government helpline on equality and diversity for employers. Trained, managed and supported 8 helpline advisers Drafted the Department for Education and Employments 10 point plan for employers Various positions including Head of Regional Strategy, Head of Legal Action Team, Social Policy Officer, Employment Officer, Commission for Racial Equality January 1988 to May 2001 Successfully project managed five public education exhibitions attended by over 2000 individuals and employers Managed the CREs funding ( £1m)of Race Equality Councils in the North of England, which included supporting the development of new organisations Developed in conjunction with the Rugby Football League the first ever campaign to tackle racism in Rugby League- Tackle It Deputy Supervisor/ Trainer, Dewsbury Trust Fund March 1984 to December 1987 Supervised a Community Programme scheme which provided and created training and employment opportunities for over 20 long term unemployed ethnic minorities ANALYSIS OF THE CHILDRENS WORKFORCE DEVELOPMENT COUNCIL Introduction The Childrens Workforce Development Council (CWDC) is an England wide executive non-departmental public body set up in 2005 whose vision is to create a world-class workforce for Children, Young People and Families. It does this in two ways by supporting people working with them have the best possible training, qualifications, support and advice and by helping children and young peoples organisations and services to work together better (CWDC, 2010) It receives an annual grant from the governments Department of Children, Schools and Families (DCSF) for distinct projects and core management costs. Its budget and staffing have seen massive growth over the last five years. The organisation is strategically managed by a Board of Directors and operationally managed by a senior management team (SMT) consisting of the Chief Executive and five Directors. The SMT is supported by a small planning and performance unit (Appendix 4). Each Directorate consists of smaller teams which are responsible for programmes of work and projects. Woodward refers to these as task functions, namely the basic activities related to producing organisational outcomes. Central functions such as IT, Finance and Procurement, Human Resource Management referred to by Woodward as element functions i.e. those activities that support the task function sit within separate Directorates. (Woodward, as quoted in Mullins, 2007). The HQ is in Leeds with a small number of home-based staff. The majority of these are senior staff, but also includes singleton regional managers in the nine English regions. Appendix 5 shows how the delivery of programmes for the workforce is managed within one of the directorates. Projects are grouped into programmes consisting of small project teams. Each programme is answerable to a programme board consisting of key officials from CWDC and its sponsor body, DCSF. Critical Appraisal Appendix 6 provides a SWOT analysis for CWDC. This shows that as a public body it operates in a complex and challenging environment, facing pressures and demands from a large group of stakeholders/sources. CWDC is an infrastructure body that does not provide direct services to the workforce it serves and is attempting to upskill and reform the workforce to make it more effective in working with children and young people. To achieve this CWDC has put in place a significant bespoke electronic project management system into which all projects relate. This has yielded benefits in terms of consistency, accountability and close management of projects. However it is a heavily bureaucratic system which takes up significant staff time and has lead to a feeling that the system is driving the organisation. Accountability has become a key driver for CWDC and is influencing its way of delivering its aims. All projects have significant sign off processes including SMT approval. Outward facing activity such as press releases, publications, conference speeches also require sign off at this level. Whilst this is appropriate as it ensures alignment with organisational strategy, it does create a risk averse culture and makes decision making feel longer as well causing managers to feel that they cant make decisions. CWDCs structure is a tall hierarchical one that has evolved as it has grown in size. The SMT have large directorates and responsibility for staff is devolved and within Urwicks span of control is within the optimum number of six. Fayols scalar chain showing the direct line from the top to the bottom is clear and well understood across CWDC. Whilst this brings advantages in terms of clear lines of authority and accountability, it can also lead to demotivated and disempowered staff, where staff may feel that they have no say or involvement in decision making. Having a centralised base enables CWDC to ensure that there is a consistent approach to strategy and implementation across the organisation and enables more interaction between directorates. On the whole this is effective but having the majority of its senior staff as home workers and out of the office on a day to day basis can mitigate against this. To avoid this there is a significant use of emails and teleconferencing as well as two all staff conferences each year. The excessive use of email is however potentially counterproductive as it can lead to poorer communication, information overload, be a substitute for face to face contact, be used as a control tool thereby creating stress to staff. CWDCs limited regional staff presence also has the potential to create distance between the end user (the workforce) and CWDC. This is however compensated for via strong links with representative or employer bodies as well as regional roadshows. A DETAILED ANALYSIS OF THE MANAGERIAL JOB ROLE. Definition of Managerial Role Despite the fact that the theory on what a manager is or does have developed significantly over the last 100 years ago, it is not easy to define the role of a manager. In the early 1900s, F. W. Taylor pioneered the idea of one best way model to manage employees and structure to achieve maximum performance. Taylorism put forward the idea that the role of the manager was different to that of a worker. Around the same time. Henry Fayol identified five key functions of a manger namely planning, organising, co-ordinating, commanding and controlling. These hold true today though arguably the function of commanding has been replaced with motivating staff to achieve. (Stewart,1999) The work of Stewart and Mintzberg several years later took a slightly different approach to the work of the manager. They identified some key aspects such as managers not operating in orderly well organised worlds, managers interacting and managing relationships with lots of people not just their direct staff, and continually having to work in a fragmented world of variety, at pace and with little free time. (Stewart 1999,) This is particularly true for me where I find that day to day plans can easily be thrown out of kilter due to unplanned events or circumstances. Mintzberg identified ten roles common to all managers, which he put into three categories as set out below. Mintzberg suggested that a manager had to perform various roles dependent on the particular situation or context. The table (appendix 7) sets out the groupings alongside examples from my work practice: In todays world, many of the roles identified by early theorists are relevant, however the world has changed dramatically since then. The significant advances in technology, impact on how managers carry out the informational roles Mintzberg refers to. For example in my experience e-mails, internet and the company intranet now play a major role in enabling information to be disseminated without the need for the manager to do so. Today, managers also need to have the right set of hard and soft skills to manage the complex and ever-changing world, including interpersonal skills.(Mullins 2007). Important issues for the future include managing change, leadership and motivation of staff, managing diversity, the development of human resources..(Mullins 2007) Making operational decisions On a daily basis I make operational decisions namely those decisions that concern the day to day running of my area of responsibility (Teale et al, 2003) and those whose impact is immediate on the organisation (Beckford 2001). Such decisions tend to be programmed ones namely those that relate to recurring problems that have occurred often enough to enable a standard response (Daft Marcic, 2009).In my context such decisions include decisions on which supplier to use, use of agency staff, procuring of supplies, recruiting, retaining staff. The factors I take into account, dependent on the context, will include: existing organisational policies and practices. This is to ensure consistency as well as compliance to company processes and policies whether I have all the facts available to me or if I need to obtain further information budget availability e.g. when replacing staff, or sanctioning costs for services risk evaluation e.g. considering the risk to the organisation in the decision. Most of these operational decisions will be minimal risk as they fall under my command of control. However on occasions for example terminating a contract may have wider ramifications which may well involve consultation with more senior staff impact on staff in team e.g. making decisions of staff leave requests and whether cover is available whether I need to consult with others to help arrive at the decision Options available to the manager for influencing senior managers Research has identified the importance of upward influence as a key factor in the effectiveness of managers (Case, Dosier, Murkison, Keys, 1998). There are a number of options available to do this. Reason or using a logical well prepared and presented argument with supporting data and documentation appears to be an effective one when trying to put a case forward (Case, Dosier, Murkison, Keys, 1998; Bhatnagar, 1993). An example of this in my practice is attached at Appendix 8. However there is more to influencing than just having a good argument, building relationships is extremely important. (Paulson, 1991). A manager will therefore need to: See things from their senior managers perspective Keep the manager informed to enable them to do their job Be friendly but keep a professional distance Put forward solutions to problems Support the manager but not to the point of being a yes person and express reservations in private This last bullet point has some relevance to me. My reflective diary (incident of 14-16/10/09-appendix 3) shows I need to recognise this aspect more and where appropriate challenge my boss. Operational management-level meeting A key to the success of any meeting is preparation (Kendrick, 2004). Appendix 9 shows an example of how this works in my meetings. This particular meeting refers to the contract inception meeting with a contractor for a complex  £4m project. As such prior to the meeting I met with one of my team and agreed all the areas to be covered. An agenda is always produced, based on the purpose of the meeting and expected outcomes from it. The agenda is structured in such a way that it allows time for reviewing action points from previous meeting and prioritising the major items for discussion in order of priority. It also includes an item at the end for round of agreed actions. This is to ensure that participants leave the meeting with a clear understanding of the nature of and owner of the agreed actions. A note taker is critical in key meetings to ensure accurate note taking and enable me to chair and facilitate the meeting. Minutes reflecting the key areas of discussion and action points are always produced within a few days of meeting, so as to ensure completion of actions in advance of the next meeting. Following the meeting a de-brief is held with the note taker to ensure all points have been captured but also to check that the meetings objectives have been realised (Kendrick 2004). Due to the importance of these meeting I chair them. This enables me to ensure control as the contract manager. However my style is participatory and informal to allow full contribution from all participants, as it is in the organisational interest that contractors work together with us to deliver this project. Delegating effectively Time is at a premium for a manager (Stewart, 1999). Delegation is necessary to ensure that decisions are made at the lowest level to save organisational cost and free up time for management duties (Mullins 2007). However delegation must not be seen as a reason for merely dumping work onto staff or abdicating managerial responsibilities (Jones, 1979). Not all work, though, can be delegated e.g. supervision, planning, disciplinary matters which must remain with the manager (Ghazda, 2002). The key to successful delegation lies in having a planned and systematic approach to it (Mullins, 2007). Before determining whether to delegate the manager needs to be clear on the task and whether the task is being delegated for results or for employee development (Ghazda, 2002). Assumptions should also not be made about the willingness of the employee to take on the task (McConalogue, 1993). They may be afraid of failure or lack confidence (Jones, 1979). Managers need to be aware of this. The manager should also set clear objectives and identify with the employee what the expected results are (Ghazda, 2002), which should be written down (Jones, 1979). Guidance and support should be provided throughout without being too instructive as this will inhibit employee development (Mullins, 2007; Jones, 1979). Employees must be able to feel that authority has been passed on without fear of the manager constantly interfering or checking on them i.e. having the freedom of action within agreed terms (Mullins, 2007). Monitoring of the task is important and should be defined at the onset through agreed milestones (Ghazda, 2002). Manager should also check progress informally and through ongoing supervision. On reflection my practice covers most of the requirements for effective delegation. However I need to do more on formally considering employee willingness to carry out the tasks delegated to them and write down clear objectives as per paras 18-19 above. Mentoring and supporting others There are numbers of definitions of mentoring, but one that is interesting is below which highlights that mentoring can be beneficial to both the mentor and mentee. Mentoring is a learning partnership between two people with different levels of experience and with the potential to achieve new learning, new insight and personal growth (Poulsen, 2006) Mentoring uses all types of helping to learn styles i.e. coaching, counselling, guiding and networking (Clutterbuck, 2004). Mentoring can be formal and structured or informal, but for it to succeed it needs to have a structure but operate informally (Clutterbuck, 2004). On reflection, I can say that I have not formally mentored my staff but I believe that at times I have followed the four learning to help styles primarily in a job task completion context. Nor did I realise its potential development benefits for me and staff. A follow up action is for me to informally mentor a member of CWDC staff and this has been incorporated into my Learning and Development Plan (see Appendix 10) PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT Training and Development History Appendix 11 sets out my personal training and development history. My development has been primarily related to my previous career within the equality industry. In particular my development has been through spending twenty years rising up the ranks at the Commission for Racial Equality (CRE), achieving a high level position managing four regions within England. During that time I also went on secondment twice to enhance my knowledge and experience of working in other organisations. Following closure of the CRE, I became a consultant. This did not last long as I found the lack of uncertainty around work to be unsuitable and I missed the security of working within teams an established organisation. My self analysis using Belbins eight group roles showing me as a team worker supports this (Appendix 12). I therefore chose to take a lower level job in a new area (workforce reform policy) on the understanding that I would, within 2-3 years, obtain a higher level position within the new company or outside it. Learning and Development Plan My learning development plan (LDP) at Appendix 10 is based on my work related appraisal (appendix 13), issues arising from my assessment against the CMI standards (para 10 below) as well as the completion of the University of Huddersfields Guide to Reflective Practice Workbook (appendix 14). A key area I would like to focus is developing my own resilience to deal with situations in a more rounded manner. This will require me to be continuously reflect on my behaviours in different contexts. I have found the rigour of using a template for reflection for my learning set particularly useful and have started to extend this to other situations. A significant strength that has been identified is my competency to develop effective working relationships both within my team and externally. Comments from my line manager support this: One of your strongest competences (working with others). You inspire others to work with you and balance a range of personal and external demands. The learning on your management course is beginning to pay dividends and providing a theoretical background to your personal approach. It is helping you to achieve at the higher levels of this competence (Appendix 13) Reflection on the significance of the MBA programme The programme is significant for me for the following reasons: It will provide me with a qualification to support my 20+ years of management experience, which in turn will lead to new opportunities for progression to a more strategic management position within my existing employer or externally It will enable me to engage with current and new management ideas and practices thereby influencing my future practice. I will hear views and perspectives from other managers from other sector Both of the above will make me a better manager and leader. I am already benefitting from attendance on the programme. In particular it has helped me identify my strengths as well as areas for development. My knowledge of the theoretical aspects of e.g. managing people is also influencing my approaches to work situations. Attendance on the course has particularly given me the confidence to think differently and if necessary challenge in situations where previously I would not have. Progress in meeting the Chartered Manager standards. Appendices 15-16 provide a self assessment against the Chartered Manager standards using the National Occupational Standards for Management and Leadership. (http://www.management-standards.org). This shows that I meet many of the required standards either in my current role or through previous experience. Areas for improvement are: Consistently apply strategic thinking Adapt leadership style to take account of diverse situations Identify opportunities for change and development Establish information management and communication systems Manage complexity to positive effect Optimise use of financial and other resources Demonstrate resilience on achieving personal goals

Breaking the Poverty Cycle

The poverty cycle is also termed as the behavior pattern of situations that cannot easily be altered and when referring to a given country it is called the â€Å"development trap† (Oster, Lake, & Gene, 1978) . This cycle is defined as the set of events or factors which once commenced, have no possibility of stopping unless there is intervention from external causing their subsequent generations to equally be impoverished. It is a phenomenon in which poor families end up being trapped in poverty for a period exceeding two and a half generations.The main cause for such families to be in this situation is the limitation to and lack of resources such as connections, financial capital, training and education. Under normal circumstances it is virtually impossible for any individual to break this cycle meaning that the poor people will for a long time remain poor. This is because many poverty cycles overlap and perpetuate other cycles causing any attempt to break this cycle to be unr ealistic. This situation is mostly found in shanty towns and inner city areas.Poverty refers to the state of material deprivation having either little or no goods, money and means of support. It is a condition in which an individual stays poor such that they experience deficiency their desired needs. Poverty is usually measured by the availability of infrastructure services, like sanitation and safe water. Poverty has been classified into two broad categories which are the situational poverty and generational poverty (Oster, Lake, & Gene, 1978). With this in mind this paper centers on what individuals are doing in order to break the cycle of poverty.This is with respect to the sociological imagination and the three major social theories of symbolic interaction, conflict and structural functionalism. In order to break the cycle of poverty, action needs to be put in place to deal with the root causes of poverty because the cycle of poverty is usually systemic in nature. This has been achieved via sociological imagination and social theories such as symbolic interaction, conflict together with structural functionalism as well.Sociological imagination entails a mind set which allows individuals to visualize the relationship that exists between events that occur in their personal lives and events within the society. Wright Mills adds to this definition by putting it as the means of breaking the poverty cycle through taking part in activities that are shaped by the situations that people find themselves in (Mills, 2000). Symbolic interactionism is one of the leading social psychological theories that focus on the ways through which meanings emerge from social interactions between places and individuals.Its prime concern has been to analyze the meanings of life events by way of intimate familiarity and close observational work. It equally gives strong emphasis on the role of symbols through language, gestures and signs as the core elements of these interactions (Reyn olds & Herman-Kinney, 2003). From the sociological perspective, the conflict theory involves perspectives that emphasize on political, social and material inequality of a given society. This Marxist-based social theory argues that groups and individuals of different social classes vary in amounts of non-material and material resources.The social conflict theory states that groups within a capitalist society interact destructively in such a way that there is little cooperation and no mutual benefit. According to Weber, the major class division is between those who do not and those who own the forces of production in the following classes, the propertied upper class, the property less white collar workers, the petty bourgeoisie and the manual working class (Agger, 1991). Structural functionalism is a theory which states that the function of a cultural trait, especially in an institution is the preservation and creation of social order.It addresses the social structure with respect to the function of the constituent elements such as the institutions, norms, customs and traditions. It also studies society as a structure with interrelated parts that work toward its proper functioning. In the society it is the positions that individuals occupy which are ranked, not the individuals (O'Neill, 1995). With respect to an Ontarion initiative to break the poverty cycle, studies on this initiative gave a head way to efforts that are being employed by people within the government, donor organizations, companies, individual families and communities to break the poverty cycle.According to the Ontario child support, education was used as the best way to break this cycle, through the enhancement of programs for at-risk kids in school. It offers support to more recreation programs for neighbor-hoods with high-needs. Further on education, this initiative provides support for parents in ensuring their children go to school particularly the low-income families (Ontario. ca, 2010). T he initiative also builds stronger communities because safety is considered one of the best ways to aid low-income families to enjoy better life.This has been done through investing in a fund which gives the local leaders funds for the establishment of community revitalization projects. It also avails summer jobs programs to give the children in priority neighbor-hoods valuable work experience. The initiative has also stabilized funding for the Provincial Rent Bank Program to aid persons facing possible eviction. The Ontario child support has also visualized a smarter government in such a way that they get the most for each dollar spent in support of low-income families.This is through a review of social assistance by increasing opportunity and removing barriers for people trying to move from social assistance into employment. In addition to this a Social Policy Institute focusing on evaluation and evidence-based social is being developed (Ontario. ca, 2010). Other efforts made by i ndividuals to break the poverty cycle includes self employment, where they get full benefits of the work they are doing in terms of reward which is mostly evident in the developing countries.People learn basic skills and end up being in a better position to support their families. Individuals have opened up to acquiring incomes that depend on the environment especially in Senegal and Dakar, where waste picker on the Mbeubeuss landfill site make a living by recycling materials. In Kampala, widows feed their families through urban gardening and rental income. Another initiative to break the poverty cycle is by The Sea to Sea partners who partake in self employment by teaching farmers new agriculture techniques (Dale, 2008).In an effort to break poverty cycles, policy-makers and companies ensure that the acquisition of assets such as land by poor communities is made easy through grants and other aids. Such assets are then developed to a level where they generate income and improve the lives of communities involved. Governments on the same note have resorted to promotion of equitable pay for all employees regardless of their social status through implementing policies. Other support agencies like the Sea to Sea works within communities and families to set up micro-credit loans to enable them acquire assets (Christian-Reformed-Church, 2010).Further efforts in breaking the poverty cycle include the cancellation or reduction of the national debt especially for the world's poorest countries so that the nations' economies of these countries experience some positive turn. Additionally, in a country like New York, according to an article by Frederique Krupa, a ten-year plan was started by the Koch Administration, intended to avail the New York City renovated apartment units because the city at the time was thriving and by so doing the city would be able to avoid the numerous lawsuits from powerful community groups.This is another way used to break the poverty cycle by cu rbing on oppression of the poor by the rich (Krupa, 1991). Social activists have also made an effort in breaking this cycle by focusing on anti-discrimination laws especially in the work place so as to increase the opportunities given to poor minorities and poverty elimination. It is common knowledge that over the years the poor have continued to work in the low paying but tiring jobs. There are minor means that have been employed by individual families such as cost sharing between husbands and wives in the sense that they both go out strive to earn income for the family.For wealthy individuals or any one who may have acquired capital, â€Å"provision of employment† by underpaying workers has enabled them break and stay away from poverty thus making more profits and continue to thrive on other people’s sweat. Some people strive to join politics so that they raise their status in society and earn more income by attaining high ranks within the government and society at l arge. If this cycle is left to persist, it may result to criminal activities like the selling of illegal drugs by the poor for survival. With these, there are numerous outcomes such as early death, addiction, breakup of families and shattered health.Other consequences include increase in slums within a country and stress causing very poor health levels. It is therefore important that everyone contributes to the breaking of the poverty cycle. References: Agger, B. (1991). A critical theory of public life: knowledge, discourse, and politics in an age of decline. New York: Routledge. Christian-Reformed-Church. (2010). What is the Cycle of Poverty? Retrieved March 6, 2010, from http://www. crcna. org/pages/sea_cycleofpoverty. cfm Dale, S. (2008, September). Breaking the Cycle of Urban Poverty. Retrieved March 6, 2010, from http://www. idrc. ca/en/ev-129440-201-1-DO_TOPIC.

A Report On The Strategic Change Issues Facing British

Ancient philosophers always said that the only room that never gets full is the room for change and growth to better levels. Change brings a sound of celebration and relief. In the business sector any change is always geared to the increase in profit. Any business venture has one driving force: creation of wealth and economic growth. This is the reason for existence of businesses like: banking, hotels, airlines, schools, hospitals among others. Operation management is the day to day decisions and ventures that are undertaken to run the company. This can help give a projection into the future 5, 10 or so years.One thing that is very basic is that the world is changing, and an effective business should also help to bring this very necessary difference. â€Å"One of the key roles of a serious manager and entrepreneur is to solve problems decision making is another major role of this officer. † These were the confession of Carleton (2005). Decisions pertaining various departments in a company are made by key management staff in every firm: The key drivers for change that are most likely to impact on the future of business and management are: Stiff and ever increasing competition from key rival firms.One must always be the best in the market place in order to remain advantaged. This will call for several reforms towards improvement, and such challenges will be dealt with as they come. Some decisions to be made, take time and energy. However, the knee-jerk response is to jump straight to the most obvious solution: training and coaching to develop individuals' leadership skills and potential. This conveniently bypasses the problem-diagnosis stage. It also overlooks the disconnect between what happens at individual and organizational levels. Managerial and human resource aspects have always put pressure on firms.Such pressure is sure argent of change. A global trend is another driving factor towards change. Any new standards set up must be adhered to if one need s to e in the market. The main aim is to develop an appreciation to the role of management in the process change in the firms of interest. Management of such a change can never be an individual affair. It explores the forces driving organizational change and offers a contextual understanding of change management principles. Do you do it alone as a manager? Do you involve others? Do you let others make the decisions?Management is an organized, systematic application of the knowledge, tools, and resources of change that provides organizations with a key process to achieve their business strategy. Change Management is a critical part of any project that leads, manages and enables people to accept new processes, technologies, systems structures and values. Changes are inevitable in any firm or sector. Of great interest is change management in British Airline Company. Many such firms as this exist. This calls for real outstanding leadership in the market place. BRITISH AIRWAYS This is an airline with it’s headquarters in London.Europe has increased sharply over the past decade as the introduction of new airlines has helped push prices down significantly. This airline has routes both within and without the great United Kingdom sky. This airline is the world's second largest international airline, with a passenger carrying capacity of more than 27 million passengers from one country to another. Also, as one of the world’s longest established airlines, it has always been regarded as an industry-leader. British Airways’ worldwide route network covers more than 216 destinations in 94 countries (including franchises, subsidiaries and one world partners).British Airways is one of the founding partners of the one world alliance, which took off in February 1999. Fellow members now include American Airlines, Aer Lingus, Cathay Pacific, Finnie, Iberia, LanChile and Qantas and Swiss. The original predecessor airline, called Aircraft Transport and Travel, l aunched the world's first daily scheduled international air service, British Airways traces its origins back to August 1919. At the moment the airline has an amazing fleet of 312 aircraft; including 100 wide bodied long haul aircraft (57 Boeing 747-400s and 43 Boeing 777s).The current world has gone into corporate alliances, with mergers and acquisitions being the common norm of doing business. For this reason, British Airways has one-on-one relationships with a number of airlines. It owns a 17 per cent stake in Qantas and 9 per cent in Iberia. It also fully owns subsidiaries such as British Airways CitiExpress. Members of British Airways’ franchise family include British Mediterranean Airways, GB Airways, Comair, Loganair and Regional Air. Some of the main components of British Airway’s business strategy include investing in its people and products, and continuing to build a competitive cost base.These objectives, along with other strategic goals and values, have been delivered through a program called â€Å"The BA Way,† which was launched in 2004. This was in response to the people wanting real clarity about where company is positioning itself in the marketplace. The leading entrepreneur once observed that major firms often started as either government or public properties. This however is never the case with British Airways. This company is owned entirely by private investors, with more than a quarter of a million shareholders. British airways just like any business have its own problems.The problems always arise in the process of moving to greater heights. As executive assistant to the director of British airways, change issues facing the organization in the next 5 five years are amazing. The major problems are as below: MANAGERIAL The BA Way has five factors for success: be the best U. K. -based network, understand the customers better than the competition, be a powerful brand that people know and trust, foster a competitive cost base and work together as one team. For a progressive development of a business, proper leadership is bedrock to build on.Managerialism, especially in the public and quasi-market sectors, has provided a key development in how organizations are managed, co-coordinated and controlled, and is suggestive of new relationships and a reordering of organizations and management. In the March issue of Fast Company magazine, a fascinating article titled â€Å"What is the Biggest Change Facing Business in the Next 10 Years? † Avram Miler, the CEO of Avram Miller enterprise explained that â€Å"The cornerstone for this millennium is the end of time and space. Most organizations today are run the same way as early-20th-century businesses.Everyone goes to his car, drives to work, has certain hours, and has a certain job. It's all built on the factory model. Moving forward, it really isn't going to be important where you are in order to do your job. Ideas are being worked on 24 hours a day. Nob ody seems surprised anymore if I wake up in the middle of the night and start IM-ing someone in Europe, because the fact is, they don't even know where I am. And it doesn't matter. ’’ He continues to say that â€Å"Fewer and fewer people will want to be employees of corporations, because corporations don't have anything to offer.Corporations don't provide security and provide fewer and fewer benefits. People may find new ways to sell their skills. † This illustrates that many people often get employed in companies, but the never have any intentions of staying for long periods. Tim Brown President and CEO, Ideo, Palo Alto, humorously says â€Å"people are ever on the move to greener pastures. † This is one major problem in management. Employees, some of whom hold very key positions in the company always transfer to the so called green pastures.The human resources manager of British airways observed that many of their staff has often moved to start their ow n ventures. These range from local to international ventures. The best way to manage this problem is to create laws governing employment. Its true that a person performs best only after getting good orientation on an environment. Consistency is another key to excellence. To avoid loosing employees, a minimum duration should be put, such that no employee can leave before finishing some specific time duration. This will help the airline to retain workers for some good time and hence foster consistency.The major hindrance to this implementation is some weakness in management. Friends to departmental heads are always favored and the axe rarely falls on them. This however can be managed by prosecution of any corrupt staff. Another managerial problem often realized in British Airways is lack of commitment in some of the employees. They often take long to finish any assignment given to them, and when asked to give an explanation, this is a ticket to being their enemies. This vice in a comp any leads into loss of money, because people are paid their allowance while they don’t perform their duties.Many researches argue that training and development programs increase the organizations performance and effectiveness. This can help increase the work output because more experience is injected to the generally trained staff. Toward a better understanding of the effects of training and development in the workplace, this research points out the importance of training and development the workforce, determines the major types of training and development programs, discusses the relationship between training and the overall organizational performance, and offers some guidelines for HR managers to design effective training and development programs.Signing of performance contracts has helped to alleviate this vice. This helps to ascertain that an employee indeed deserves to get his salary. Burnes (2004) in his book arrives at a style which enables healthy competition within a firm, resulting into increase of production. He says â€Å"the ability of an enterprise to compete within the prevailing settings relies on two qualities: †¢ The capacity of the firm to identify and understand the competitive forces in play and how they change over time linked together.†¢ The competence of a business to mobilize and manage the resources necessary for the chosen competitive response through time. British Airways have implemented this, and many staff has always been awarded for showing commitment and excellent performance. GLOBALISATION Another method British Airways’ learning division has used to promote organizational values is through owning its Future program, which every employee across the enterprise—from in-flight crews to customer service staff—must go through at some point.This is delivered by the internal senior management teams. It’s about helping people understand the business direction, the environment that they are operating in and the way they are positioning themselves in the business. By understanding that, people will understand the actions the team is taking in driving the business forward (British Airways, 2005) Some of the changes that British Airways has in the next five years include: †¢ BA to increase services between New York JFK and Gatwick, but at the same time drop its link to the US city from Manchester Airport.†¢ BA to enhance the passenger experience at the new London Heathrow Terminal 5 with the installation of art works in its premium lounges. Companies move towards forming alliances, both local and at international level. The environment in which most organizations operate today is continuously changing, and the rate of change is increasing. Almost most organizations are now involving in tremendous increase in international business and foreign assignments. British Airways is not left behind. At the moment, the company has offices in all capital cities in the worl d.At the same time, serious advertisements are on the run. To enhance collisions, BA purchased the small German domestic airline Delta Air Transport in 1992 and renamed it Deutsche BA. By the time it was sold in June 2003, DBA was operating 16 Boeing 737s and was the second-largest German domestic carrier, after Lufthansa. Globalization is a disposition towards international interaction and co-operation. This comes with the general growth of a knowledge based economy. Impacting on the financing structure of organizations and employment practices.The ability of an enterprise to compete within the prevailing settings majorly relies on two qualities: the capacity of the firm to identify and understand the competitive forces in play and how they change over time, linked to †¢ the competence of a business to mobilize and manage the resources necessary for the chosen competitive response through time. . The environment in which most organizations operate today is continuously changin g, and the rate of change is increasing. Almost most organizations are now involving in tremendous increase in international business and foreign assignments.BA aims at increasing the number of passengers greatly. New infrastructure is required for this. Heathrow Terminal 5 was built exclusively for the use of British Airways at a cost of ? 4. 3 billion and officially opened by Queen Elizabeth II on 14 March 2008. It opened to passengers on 27 March 2008. more air crafts are also to be purchased come 2013. for instance, On 27 September 2007, BA announced their biggest order since 1998 by ordering 36 new long haul aircraft. The company ordered 12 A380s with options on a further 7, and 24 Boeing 787s with options on a further 18. TECHNOLOGYTechnological factors are information technology/the internet, new production processes computerization of processes and changes in transport technology (Human Resource Management Journal, 2008). There are also internal triggers for change which inc lude: new chief executive, unionization or de-unionization, structural a change, re-design of factory or office layout, re-design of jobs, new IT equipment or software introduced, cuts in overtime working and redundancies (Epmbook, 2007). As research continues in the energy sector, Bio fuel may be used by BA planes. This is an improvement towards good environment creation.Indeed this is amazing. Currently the test of planes is going on, on their response to bio fuel. The above forces are for easier information transfer, facilitates global structures, requires new competencies and expectations, facilitates telecommuting; new employment relationships, more emphasis on knowledge management, quick competition through globalization, more educated workforce etc (McShane and Travaglione, 2003). Change management entails thoughtful planning and sensitive implementation, and above all, consultation with, and involvement of, the people affected by the changes and BA has mastered this art.Chan ge must be realistic, achievable and measurable. These aspects are especially relevant to managing personal change. Before starting organizational change, ask yourself: What do we want to achieve with this change, why, and how will we know that the change has been achieved? Who is affected by this change, and how will they react to it? How much of this change can be achieve without? These aspects also relate strongly to the management of personal as well as organizational change (Business balls, 2006). If you think that you need to make a change quickly, probe the reasons – is the urgency real?Will the effects of agreeing a more sensible time-frame really be more disastrous than presiding over a disastrous change? Quick change prevents proper consultation and involvement, which leads to difficulties that take time to resolve, (Burns & Stalker, 1994). BA does not sell change to people as a way of accelerating ‘agreement' and implementation. ‘Selling' change to peop le is not a sustainable strategy for success, unless your aim is to be bitten on the bum at some time in the future when you least expect it. Change can be unsettling, so the manager logically needs to be a settling influence.BA has gone through extreme lengths to ensure that they study the market. They are keen on the use face-to-face communications to handle sensitive aspects of customer relations and encourage managers to communicate face-to-face with their people. They discourage the use of email and written notices as they are extremely weak at conveying and developing understanding. At all times involve and agree support from people within system (system = environment, processes, culture, relationships, behaviors, etc. , whether personal or organisational). †¢ In depth understanding of the organisation’s position at all times.†¢ In depth understanding of the direction of the organisation. †¢ Open and clear communication channels. SPECIFIC CHANGES THAT BRI TISH AIRWAYS HAS ENCOUNTERED From a humble background BA has expanded to the giant it is by now. This never occurred in one day, neither was it a very smooth transition. Given time, all have a potential to expand to the highest levels. One of the greatest changes that occurred in BA was mergers and acquisition. During the 1990s BA became the world's most profitable airline under the slogan â€Å"The World's Favorite Airline†. The management then saw the need to expand.A merger is the business transaction that takes pace between two firms. One firm acts as a buyer, while the other company is bought. Mergers take place to help cub extreme competition and also to widen the market scope. In 1992 BA purchased the small German domestic airline Delta Air Transport and renamed it Deutsche BA. This widened the market space into Germany. By the time it was sold in June 2003, DBA was operating 16 Boeing 737s and was the second-largest German domestic carrier, after Lufthansa. The lesson learnt is that mergers bring expansion and growth.In the year 1995, BA formed British Asia Airways, a subsidiary based in Taiwan, to operate between London and Taipei. Owing to political sensitivities, British Asia Airways not only had a different name, but also had a different livery, with the Union Jack tailfin being replaced by Chinese characters. Many airlines followed the same practice, e. g. , Qantas flew to Taiwan as â€Å"Australia Asia Airways† and KLM's Taiwan operations became â€Å"KLM Asia†. British Asia Airways ceased operation in 2001 when the airline suspended flights to Taiwan due to low yield. A change brings with it many resettlements.Some include employment of new staff to handle the expansion. This was the case in the two mergers in Germany and Taiwan. Other changes are indeed not pleasing. An example is the laying off of staff incase of closure. Proper marketing must be done. This is to keep the much esteemed customers aware of the companyâ€℠¢s developments. The road to success is never a smooth one. Any push to the positive is always met by opposing currents. Some of pitfalls to change into a new market include competition. The main competitors of British Airways are bmi and virgin Atlantic. These offer great rivalry.However BA has managed this through its strategies to make sure that clients are satisfied by the service delivery. Capital is another challenge to expansion. Some expansion ventures require much money. This is money to buy planes and to do office set up, with an aim of getting back the profit. Many a times the company has gone through looses especially when they were forced to pull back. Withdrawal is not very pleasant but it is the best option especially when things are not working. This was the case in Taiwan. The world population is large and ever-growing. This has and will provide market for flight industry.The best way to venture is to do market surveys. Once the costumer’s desires are known, follow up can be made to come up with a product to satisfy the need. It pays a lot to be the market leader in terms of innovations. This will give an advantage over other companies. CONCLUSION It takes commitment and vision to be on the top. BA has one dream, which is to be on top in the flight industry. In the next five years, the company shall have diversified its services in terms of quality and quantity expansion. REFERENCES 1. 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