The Matrix Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Matrix - Essay Example When examining Plato’s dialogue and the film the ‘Matrix’ they are ostensibly diametrically opposed. One is an ancient Greek dialogue and the other is a 20th century science-fiction action film with Keanu Reeves. Still, it’s clear that if one examines the deeper metaphorical and philosophical significance of these texts, they share the same underlining concerns. For instance, in Plato’s ‘Allegory of the Cave’ he writes, â€Å"the truth would be literally nothing but the shadows of the images† (Plato). One considers a parallel account in the Matrix, as humanity has been placed in a matrix by intelligent machines that have assumed control of the world. In both texts, then, humanity is only able to grasp reality through a sort of imperfect prism. Similarly, in both texts the prisoners, and Neo, experience a period of awakening as they break free of their bondage and are exposed to the world around them. In addition to the elements described above, there are a number of structural elements that are similar between the two texts. The Matrix presents a dystopian world wherein it is supposed to be much better to assume the virtual reality than grasp the deeper reality. Plato also creates a similar structure within his allegory, writing, â€Å"when any of them is liberated and compelled suddenly to stand up and turn his neck round†¦he will suffer sharp pains; the glare will distress him† (Plato). In these regards, both texts present a world where the true nature of reality is a slightly negative thing to grasp. Another similar structural, or ‘plot’, element between the two works is the understanding that the individuals in both situations are prisoners. While reality the simulated reality is presented as slightly blissful, it’s ultimately understood that this existence is a limited and prison-like state. For

Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 34

Essay Example Their movement is by hopping making them the largest animals to use such a locomotive mode. For them to hop properly they have long hide legs that make long jumps. At times they use their tails and the fore limbs to do crawl walking. They can reach a top speed of 70 kilometres per hour and when using moderate speed of e.g. 40 km/hr, they can go up to 2 kilometres (Judith 8 – 22). These animals have a pouch that they use in carrying their young ones for a period of about nine months. Kangaroos are of different types and they live in different habitats. There are the eastern gray ones that live in the east of Australia. They are particularly the heaviest and are mostly seen at night more than they are during the day. There is the red type that is found in almost all parts of Australia making it the most widely known. The other type is the ones in the west of Australia that are also gray (Knox 42 – 100). They are however smaller than their eastern counterparts and they are notably loud, slim and have males that have a distinct odour. They are therefore unique animals that need to be well taken care of especially their habitats. Civil rights in the USA and especially rights in reference to black people were the major centres of concern for Martin Luther King, Jr. (Kirk 2005). He is known to have championed the rights and freedom of the black people in the United States. he started his education in Georgia and after high school he went ahead to attain a Bachelor of Arts degree from a college where his father and grandfather also went through; Morehouse College in 1948. Luther later went to study theology for three years and later went to Boston University for a doctorate which saw him awarded a degree in 1955. Luther by 1955 had become a top official of the NAACP; an association that had been formed to champion the rights and freedoms of coloured people. He played a key role in the bus boycott that went for 382 days and that saw the segregation rule

The Hospitality Industry Tamilnadu Tourism Essay

The Hospitality Industry Tamilnadu Tourism Essay This study has analysed the trends of the hospitality industry with special importance on Tamilnadu where the researcher has aimed at helping and growing the family business. This is done to get a better understanding of the Chennais market place, along with many other important cities in the state making it possible to go on board on selected strategies to effectively reach the local consumers. As Mohanty (2008) says, Hospitality is all about offering and comforting someone by all means to their needs. Good support from customers can be achieved by receiving and entertaining each and every single guest. In commercial context point of view, the word Hospitality refers to hotels, resorts, restaurants, clubs, catering etc. In todays world Economic Growth of a country depends on Hospitality industry along with Industrial and Agriculture. Tourism and Hotel sector is a widely expanding and booming segment in the market, and this industry offers huge job prospects to Indians. Due to globalisation there has been immense growth in Hospitality segment in India, especially in the metro and cosmopolitan cities. This has resulted in demand for well qualified and experienced candidates from this field in India and Overseas. India has become a ideal place of tourism and is the only country in the world with different cultures, languages and diverse topography along with political stability. India has become the place for Information technology companies and as Purushottaman (2005) says India has propelled to the top of the world in both Information Technology (IT) and Information Technologies enabled Services sector (ITES). Many MNCs from all around the world have opened their operations throughout India especially in South India. Initially Bangalore served as the Indian operations head office for many companies but then later on Chennai, capital of Tamilnadu state is becoming a business hub for major MNCs. This is due to involvement of many foreigners coming to India for business development. As a part of business development, business travels boomed to high and due to this the Hospitality sector developed along with more profitability. Nearly 50% of occupancy in all the hotels in major cities of Tamilnadu like Chennai, Madurai, Coimbatore, Trichy, Tuticorin, Tirunelveli have come from business travellers. In this particular research, the author has evaluated the devel opment of the hotel industry with a focus on above mentioned cities in Tamil nadu, India. The performance of Hotel Industry is back on its development and growth path as it had been in decline for the past two years (i.e.) 2008 2009 due to global economic recession, which affected the hospitality business in India. According to HVS 2009 report, the foreign arrivals have declined by 20% in 2008 2009, resulting in decline of occupancy and performance of hotel industry throughout India. All the major cities in India like Mumbai, Chennai, Delhi, Bangalore, and Kolkata had an average of 10% marginal decline in occupancy rate. According to FHRAI and HVS 2009 report, though the industry has faced decline in performance, the demand for the industry will immensely grow from 2010 and has reported that an average 5% growth will be recorded from 2010. In Tamilnadu though the industry faced decline in its capital, Coimbatore and Ootacamand has raised its status to become one of the 12 major cities in India after the metro cities. According to HVS 2009 report, the occupancy rate of H otels at Coimbatore, Madurai in Tamilnadu has increased by 5% respectively, though the industry on a whole has faced decline. So this clearly indicates the rise of demand for Hotel industry in Tamilnadu. In Industrial aspect all the cities in Tamilnadu has developed along different businesses. In last year several new projects have been announced in Chennai, Coimbatore, Madurai, Ootacamund which is due to higher growth market and more are required to ease the current situation. General occupancy rate and cost of rooms is high in major cities as the demand for rooms have increased but then the number of available rooms is less than the demand (HVS International survey, 2004 ). India economy has boomed in the last 5 to 6 years which is due to flourishment in IT sector, Finance, Banking, Telecom , Biotechnolgy, Real estate, Retailing etc. As Joshi (2005) denotes many major hubs in the country lacks quality hotels and rooms. Though the industry has developed a lot in the previous decade still there is demand for number of rooms required is under lack. He also denoted that India will become one of the worlds fastest growing tourism market and as suggested by him, the number of foreign tourists have increased in the year 2006 and 2007. SWOT ANALYSIS of Hotel Industry in Tamilnadu. STRENGTHS Natural and cultural diversity: India on a whole is very rich in cultural heritage and values. While considering the state of Tamilnadu, its heritage and history dates back to B.C., it has many historic places and monuments. The state pocess three main tourist spots in the country namely Oatacamund, Kodaikanal, Courtrallam and its the place where Rameswaram lies, one of two most spiritually important places in India for Hindus community. The state is along the southern coastal line of the country and has got many beautiful and sunny beaches along is shore. The state has become the region for business as it has got all the transportation means required and the state capital has one of the busiest ports in India. The state has got 8 national sanctuaries, and it has got many hills station including Ootacamund Kodaikanal. Demand Supply gap: There has always been a mismatch between demand and supply of rooms in Indian Hotel Industry. This has been the reason for higher room tariffs and the level of occupancy. The demand is raised a lot as India is hosting the 2010 Commonwealth games, and most importantly the demand for Chennai will increase due to 2011 Cricket World Cup in India. Many star categorized hotels have come in important cities of Tamilnadu in the last decade. Economical Growth: Indias economy is growing to new heights and been predicted to be second after China by 2050. India has now become a part of G20 nations which in turn denotes the growth of the Indian economy. Chennai city being one of the major business hubs of India is Bourne to immense growth in near future due to increase IT firms, growing Industry in numbers, government tourism development, and other business activities. Coimbatore, the other city in Tamilnadu which was initially a hub for textile industry has now turning out to be IT hub with many MNCs started to have their operations there. Due to industrial and automobile growth, the state of Tamilnadu has now become more occupied with the state having 6 different automobile company plants. Overall the International and domestic economic growth has brought in huge opportunity for Hotel Industry in Tamilnadu. Many huge player in the global market with global chain have started to walk in to Chennai market and along the state (tamilnadu). Weakness Slow Implementation- Growth in the tourism sector is considerably slow when compared to other departments. Though the market needs have increased, the adequate infrastructure facility for Hotel Industry is still lacking. Lack of proper manpower has always been an issue in the industry. Regional Imbalance: Regional Imbalance of hotels is prevailing a lot throughout India and that prevails in Tamilnadu also. Still some of the tourist spots in Tamilnadu, there isnt adequate number of rooms for to increase the demand and develop that region to be major tourist spot. Due to this, those tourist spot regions are still under developing schemes and they lack the actual demand which they are capable of producing. Capital Intensive: Initial cost involved in Hotel construction project (i.e.) cost of land is very high and contributes 50% of the total project cost, whereas in other countries it is around 15%. This operates as a major restriction to the Indian hotel Industry, with Tamilnadu being no exemption to this context. Long Gestation Period: Due to lack of proper government development scheme being actuated many rural tourist spots with cultural importance and heritage places lack hotels. This is due to long gestation period for the hotel to get back its breakeven point and also the future growth of the firm is under immense doubt. As mentioned earlier land cost being high in India, time period for Hotel development needs to be very fast in order flourish in the market. As of now this long growth period is making a full stop to Hotel Industry development in those areas. Oppurtunities Rising Income: The tendency of spending has increased among Indians due to rise in income levels. People of different age groups are bound to spend on different purchases and are more bound to spend on leisure tourism on a whole. Economy Rise: As stated in The Financial express (2008), Overall Indian Hotel Industry is going through a healthy growth phase due to rising economy which has made many foreign companies and investors to enter India, which in turn has raised the occupancy in Hotels. Thus due to economy rise government have implied many schemes to develop tourism. It has also stated that in Conde Nast Travaller ranking, India is been ranked 4th among 167 countries in most preferred travel destinations. This denoted that India has making its mark on global tourism sector. Threats Global Recession: In the last couple of years though the market for Hotel Industry has increased, the occupancy level has decreased due to global recession. Due to this situation, the percentage of business travellers dropped heavily as the companys restricted the travel expense for its employees. The dependency level on foreign tourists is always risky, as the economic depression has affected in all the developed companies and developing countries across the world. Hence there has been a huge fluctuation in International tourism. Rising Competition: Major International Hotel chains are entering Indian market as it is becoming the destination for economical growth. The existing market players are also bringing in lot of new facilities and offers to attract customers. Hence striving a place in customer mind will prove to be a hectic job. Thus there will be a rise in competition among the exciting Hotel market. . Aim: The main of this research is to explore the fundamental factors influencing the performance of the Hotel Industry in India, with special emphasis on Tamilnadu. Personal aims include: Preparation for myself in this hospitality line which will guide me to develop my family business to new heights in the market. To encourage Hoteliers make best use of the information resources gathered in this research. The need for the study emerges as more and more Hotel chains have started involving themselves in different type of complex business models and also they emphasize the need for cost-efficiency. Objectives: To assess the past and present performance of Hotels in Tamilnadu. To categorize the core factors of the identified trends. To understand the future growth opportunities for the hospitality sector in Tamilnadu. To provide proposals for the further development on this sector with regards to the state of Tamilnadu. Literature Review The term Hotel in British law is defined as the place where a bonafide traveller can receive food and shelter provided he is in a position to for it and is fit condition to receive (Yashroy.U, 2008). The origin of hotels came to India from British people. Until late 1920s all the hotels in India were maintained by British and Swiss people. The fact of Chennai being a metropolitan city dates back to 1639 when Chennai was used as main port for trading by East India Company which was maintained by British (Chennai Hotels, 2007). In current industrial world, one of the most successful industries is Hotel Industry. Demand has always been more than supply in all the cities. As FDI restrictions been eased off by government many MNCs have opened their operation in India especially in Tamilnadu. Indian economy rise in global market and rise of business activities in India has insisted for a need of quality hotel rooms for corporate and industrial people. This trend of hospitality development is significant all over India. Leisure travelling has increased in India, which also contributes to the factor of growth in Hotel Industry. Almost all the major hotel players in the world have their operations in India, which itself indicates the growth of Hotel Industry in India. While considering the state of Tamilnadu Chennai, Coimbatore, Madurai, Trichy, Tuticorin are the major cities and Ootacamund, Kodaikanal, Courtrallam, Yercaud, Kanyakumari are the main tourist spots in the state. Demand supply mismatch has increased along all the above mentioned places in terms of Hotel rooms. In the last few years the number of inbound tourists (foreign tourist) has increased and has been around 4.9 million in 2007, while outbound tourists (Indian going on foreign tour) have been around 8.3 million in 2006 (ITOPC, 2008). In the outbound tourists segment lot of travel has been business travel while others have been leisure travel segment. Since both the inbound and outbound tourism has increased, the need for quality hotels in India has been rising. India being a country of wide culture and composite of world class heritage is the main reason for its tourist attraction in the global arena. Considering the tourism in Tamilnadu, the domestic leisure travel is based on seasonality for the tourist spots and for cities is based on full swing business travel. Beside the rise in income level of the people has been a main reason for rise of leisure tourism in Tamilnadu. But still the majority of Star class hotels are used for business travels and Budget hotels are used for leisure travel. Inbound Tourism Statistics Foreign Tourists In India (Number) 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 January 283750 228150 274215 337345 385977 459489 532088 584765 February 262306 227529 262692 331697 369844 439090 498806 560658 March 248965 225558 218473 293185 352094 391009 444186 509926 April 185338 155378 160941 223884 248416 309208 333945 369677 May 151098 132998 141508 185502 225394 255008 267758 290785 June 176716 143100 176324 223122 246970 278370 310104 344526 July 224432 186432 225359 272456 307870 337332 377474 August 196517 161477 204940 253301 273856 304387 360089 September 162326 151721 191339 226773 257184 297891 325893 October 181605 212191 260569 307447 347757 391399 440715 November 209685 243566 290583 385238 423837 442413 510987 December 319271 417527 479411 541571 575148 Total 2282738 2073025 2726214 3457477 3918610 4447167 4977193 2660337 Source: Ministry of tourism, Govt.of India (ITOPC, 2008). Domestic Travel Statistics Tourists Statistics Tamil Nadu Year Domestic Tourists 2004 42279838 2005 43213228 2006 58340008 Source : Ministry of tourism, Govt. of India (ITOPC, 2008). Outbound Tourism Statistics Statistics of Indian National Going Abroad Year No of Outbound Indians Percentage Change over the previos year 2000 4415513 7.3 2001 4564477 3.4 2002 4940244 8.2 2003 5350896 8.3 2004 6212809 16.1 2005 7184501 15.6 2006 8339614 16.1 Source: Ministry of tourism, Govt. of India (ITOPC, 2008). The categories of hotels in India are of five segments. Those segments are Premium Luxury segments, Mid Market Segment, Heritage Hotels, Resorts, Budget Hotels, and Unclassified Hotels. Premium and Luxury Segment This segment is based on major players in the local and International market. The whole slot in this segment comprises of 5 -star and 5 -star deluxe hotels which mainly serves business travellers and upmarket foreign travellers. These hotels fall into luxury segment and they offer a high quality and higher range of services. They tariffs and other service cost in considered to be expensive and is situated only in metro cities and major tourist spots. This segment alone contributed 30% of total number of rooms back in 2004. When comparing with Tamilnadus context, it contributes 15 % of total number of rooms which is nearly half to the national segment ratio (Bhatia, 2004). Mid-Market Segment This segment is based on local players in the market and small chain of hotels within the domestic market. The 3star and 4star hotels falls under this segment, and they mainly cater to the average domestic and foreign leisure traveller, along with domestic business travellers as they nearly offer all the services as of premium hotels under low cost than the premium as the tax component for this sector is less than that of luxury and premium segments. This segment contributes 30% of the total number of rooms in Chennai, Coimbatore, and Madurai major cities in Tamilnadu (HVS International, 2009). Budget Segment This segment has emerged due to liberalisation in economy and is been mainly catered to middle class people with higher disposable income. This class comprises of 1 star and 2 star hotel. This type of hotels holds the major percentage of existence in the state of Tamilnadu. This segment caters for domestic travellers who prefer reasonably priced accommodation with limited luxury, and offers special seasonal discounts for domestic tourist packages. Low cost and good service is the main forefront of this hotel segment. Heritage Segment This segment is classified in the recent years to denote the hotels in palaces, castles, forts, and other buildings which were constructed before 1950. These traditional structures symbolise the ambience and luxury lifestyle of the past golden era (Ghosh, 2005). They have come to limelight with their lesser initial capital and for mirroring the traditional lifestyle of the past. These values have proved to be a major point of attraction and business for these hotels. While considering the context of Tamilnadu there are more than 10 hotels in existence (HHIMT, 2006). Unclassified or Other Segments This segment of hotels and motels are spread out throughout the country. If taken into account these contribute 50% of rooms occupancy in India. Their main point of sales income is low pricing policy. However some of them came into prominence on account due to increase in tourist congestion in major cities and tourist spots. These hotels officially now contribute 19% of the Industry. Performance measures in hotel management The performance of hotel property and chains can be measured in several ways. The simple method would be evaluating room rates and occupancy ratios. Another important measure with regards to occupancy rates is the Average Daily Room Rate (ARR). This is manipulated by dividing the revenue with the total number of rooms occupied. This occupancy ratio is also relatively important as that of ARR because it is an important indicator of profitability. The rate of occupancy is manipulated with number of rooms occupied by number of rooms available (Sola et.al, 1997, p.85). Market concept of Hotels As mentioned by many authors, Hotel is an commercial hospitality institution which offers services and loads of facilities to its customers on various cost factors aspects (Ghosh, 2005). Facilities Service Location Price Image (Source: Ghosh, 2005, p.131) All the five factors denoted in the factor are the terms related to hotel marketing concept. The term Location refers the geographic location of the hotel whether is the hotel is present in a city, rural area, or a tourist spot etc. It denotes to attractive features of the form, accessibility to the hotel, convenience factor, along with the surroundings. The term facilities refers to classy rooms, restaurants, leisure features, bars, banquet halls and recreation facilities (Weissinger, 2000).  . The term Service refers to the quality of the facilities offered and the extent to which it reaches to the consumers, availability of that service offered (Hoque, 2002).  Price factor implies the value given to its facilities and services offered to customers. The Image is a vital marketing factor as it portrays the hotel in the market and to the customers. This image is obtained from the above mentioned factors. For to maintain this factor all other factor have to be streamlined (Ghosh, 2005). Performance of Hotels in Tamilnadu The main focus the occupancy patterns of hotels two major metropolitan cities and two major tourist spots of Tamilnadu. The two major cities to be discussed are Chennai and Coimbatore and the two major tourist spots are Ootacamund and Kodaikanal. The percentage of occupancy rate in Chennai has risen by 12% in the current 2009 -2010 financial year after a decline in 2008 09 by 13% due to global recession. While in the case of Coimbatore, though the industry was also affected by recession in 2009, it dropped only by 5 % considering its growth ratio for the past decade with an average rise of 6% per year. The industry has also risen in current 2009 10 financial year by 10%. Both the cities are expected to have 16 new hotels, commercial serviced apartments for MNCs over the next 5 years. Both the cities have become an IT hub in the southern part o India. Chennai is amongst the seven major metropolitan cities, while Coimbatore and Ootacamund has become one amongst the twelve other major cities in the Hospitality and Industrial growth list (HVSFHRAI survey, 2009). The performance of Hotel Industry in Chennai city saw a decline in first half of 2009 as there was cost cutting activities taken by IT ITeS sectors and other business sectors along with decline in travel and entertainment. Though there was decline the city had the opening of two new star hotel property Taj Mount road Lemon Tree. The industry by the end of 2009 saw a rise in occupancies as the businesses boomed again and many new projects associated with travel and occupancy was announced. As mentioned earlier Chennai has always had a steady rise in Hotel Industry (HVSFHRAI survey, 2009). The performance of Hotel Industry in Coimbatore has been growing with steady Growth phase and Demand. Coimbatore is popularly known as Manchester of the south. The city itself is based on diversified economy consisting auto ancillary sector, textile sector, textile manufacturing and majorly in the past 6 years service sector has boomed in the city. The lower cost business operations have raised the city to prominence as a business destination in Tamilnadu and now across India. The occupancy rate has risen from 64 % in 2005 to 79% in 2009 though had a drop to 72% in the start of 2009 due to global recession. Coimbatore also has close proximity to Nligiris which implies that the demand for the Leisure segment will rise in the next few years. The current Star rated occupancy of 350 rooms is expected to rise to nearly 875 rooms which add pressure to the need of upgrade with the performance of hotels in a short term (Times, 2009). The existence of Ootacamund or in short term called Ooty, one of the major tourist destinations in India and has clearly marked as one amongst the other twelve major cities in India with its tourism Industrial growth. It is one of the primary hills station in South India. It is easily accessible via road and railways from Coimbatore, Chennai Bangalore. Ooty has retained its name as a Hills station tourist destination and hence many innovative and eco friendly hotels have come up nearby to the wildlife destinations. It is surrounded by natural sceneries, lakes, wildlife sanctuaries and many others. Domestic travel to this destination is being increasing at a higher pace (Kumar, 2010). The hotel occupancy has increased from 44% in 2005 to 59% in 2009 (HVSFHRAI survey, 2009). Kodaikanal is another major hill station in Tamilnadu. Tough Kodaikanal is categorised under developing urban areas, it still remains untouched by urban development and dense population as that of Ooty. It has got access from all the major cities in Tamilnadu and from Kerala as well. Though the number of Hotels in Kodaikanal is less than that of Ooty, they offer iunparelled experience in terms of comfort and services. It is surrounded by hills, huge lake, and number of parks, museums, and heritage places. There are two five star hotels, three four star hotels, more than 10 three star hotels in Kodaikanal. It is an intense developing tourist spot in India (Agarwal, 2007) Principle factors for growth of Hotels in India (Tamilnadu) The factors which influence the occupancy rate of Hotels , and their average room cost across the country are Domestic travel, International Arrivals, Health and Medical tourism, Business travel, MICE Meetings. Incentives. Conferences. Exhibitons. The Domestic travel is the vast growing market in India. Domestic Guests market is considered to be the most important segment for Indian hotel Industry, which accounted to 71.7 % of all guests in 2004- 05 (HVS, 2006). The effective guidance role for domestic travel is played by Budget airline, or low cost carriers. These have played a vital role in short business trips, short visits etc. Due to this a person from Chennai can go to Delhi in the morning, do his work over there and come back in the same day evening. This has made peoples work more convenient and easier than before, initially the cost factor played a vital role in choosing airlines. They were only used by higher business people as the ticket fare was costlier but then after the entry budget airlines in the market the frequency of air travel and the number of domestic travellers has been increasing from the initial entry period. The number of destinations has increased due to rising air trafiic. So connectivity to various destinations from one single destination is now very much possible. Now all the major private carriers, government carriers, and other small players in the market deal with budget airlines. They are Jetlite, Jetkonnec t, Spice Jet, Simplifly deccan, Air India Domestic formerly Indian Airlines, Go air, Paramount, Indigo and other new players which are in the queue for launch (Goyal, 2009). Tourists Statistics Tamil Nadu Year Domestic Tourists 2004 42279838 2005 43213228 2006 58340008 Source: Ministry of tourism, Govt. of India (ITOPC, 2008) International arrivals have been increasing steadily as the Business travels due to MNCs, leisure trips, and other trips have increased. Many Private and Government Indian carriers are now been operated to various destinations in the world which plays a vital role for the rise in International arrivals. Governments tourism scheme Incredible India is the most successful plan implemented by tourism ministry. This campaign has brought in many foreigners. This particular scheme has offered many advantages for tour packages. Hence the tour operators are doing aggressive marketing and attractive package offers to attract foreign tourists to India. The table below suggest that year 2008 has attracted around 5.4 million tourists from around the world, which is 5.6% more than previous year. The estimated foreign exchange earnings generated in the year 2008 was 50730 crores which are 14.4 % more than that of the previous year. The foreign exchange earning in terms of US dollars was 11747 US mi llion$ which is 9.3% rise than the previous year. Hence the rate of tourists arrival and the income has increased which in turn has resulted in growth of Indian hotel industry. In accordance to an official review the impressive inflow is one of the main reason for the rise in airline passengers, which in turn as the result of intensive advertising campaign done by the Ministry of tourism (Travel Tourism, 2005). Year Foreign Tourists Arrivals (in nos.) Percentage Change Over Previous Year Estimated Foreign Exchange Earnings (Rs. In Crore) Percentage of Change Over Previous Year Estimated Foreign Exchange (in Million US$) Percentage Over Previous Year 1999 2481928 12951 - 3009 2000 2649378 6.7 15626 20.6 3460 15.0 2001 2537282 -4.2 15083 -3.5 3198 -7.6 2002 2384364 -6.0 15064 -0.1 3103 -3.0 2003 2726214 14.3 20729 37.6 4463 43.8 2004 3457477 26.8 27944 34.8 6170 38.2 2005 3918610 13.3 33123 18.5 7493 21.4 2006 4447167 13.5 39025 17.8 8634 15.2 2007 5081504 14.3 44360 13.7 10729 24.3 2008 5366966 5.6 50730 14.4 11747 9.3 Source: Ministry Of Tourism India (2009). Medical tourism has now become one of the developing concepts whereby people from foreign countries come to India for medical treatment and relaxation. Major surgery treatments include Heart surgery, Plastic surgery, transplant surgery, Cosmetic surgery and Dental care. Patients from all

A Review of The Old Man and The Sea: Hemingway’s Tragic Vision of Man

The Old Man and the Sea is one of the most famous novel written by Ernest Hemingway. In this novel, Hemingway shows the world the story about the great Santiago, an old Cuban fisherman who fights for his honor and pride. In the critical essay, â€Å"Hemingway’s Tragic Vision of Man,† Clinton S. Burhans, Jr writes that he and other authors have interpreted this novel, and he takes into account the following points: heroic individualism, interdependence, and Christian themes. I agree with Burhans’ essay. In the novel, Hemingway addresses the character of Santiago so properly that he inspires these points without doubt. â€Å"He was an old man who fished alone in a skiff in the Gulf Stream and he had gone eighty-four days now without taking a fish† (Hemingway 1): This is how the story begins. The old man had spent almost three months without catching anything, so the next day he made up his mind and proposed to himself that he would take a big fish. That day he went far in the ocean. In the beginning, he feels that he has to redeem his bad luck by catching a big fish. He wants to demostra...

Ben & Jerry’s Homemade Ice Cream

In February 1995, Bob Holland became CEO of Ben & Jerry’s Homemade Ice Cream, Inc. A few years earlier, the ice cream market began to suffer due to a tread toward healthy eating. As a result, Ben & Jerry’s growth slowed, and its stock prices dropped. Therefore, in June 1994, Ben Cohen resigned as CEO. Competition is a big factor for Ben & Jerry’s. â€Å"Haagen-Dazs began aggressively attacking Ben & Jerry’s in a fight for market share† (Collis, 4). The company was the largest and oldest in the superpremium ice cream segment.It developed mix-in ice cream while introducing a new frozen yogurt line as well as a fat-free sorbet line. Breyer’s became a threat to the superpremium ice cream market because their products were less expensive. Ben & Jerry’s face challenges like any other company. One concern was that its mix-in flavors were costly and difficult to produce. â€Å"Mix-in† flavors consisted of candy bars, cookies, nuts, or f ruit that were added to a chocolate or vanilla base.Many of their flavors, like Chunky Monkey and Cherry Garcia, â€Å"contain numerous and large chunks of added ingredients† (Collis, 3). Ben & Jerry’s social missions is â€Å"to operate the company in a way that actively recognizes the central role that business plays in the structure of society by instigating innovative ways to improve the quality of life of a broad community† (Collis, 18). It should not abandon its mission. Bob Holland should remain enthusiastic and innovative.In 1994, Ben & Jerry’s had a total of forty-four flavors. â€Å"The introduction of new products stretched the firm’s capabilities† (Collis, 6). Production planning, purchasing, and inventory management all impacted the company’s gross margins. Ben & Jerry’s could create limited edition products to boost sales; holidays would be an excellent time to promote them. Also, any products that aren’t b ig sellers can be discontinued. Ben & Jerry’s should stand for quality and excellence for its superpremium products.It gained an early reputation â€Å"for the unconventional ‘mix-in’ flavors† (Collis, 1). It was founded by two friends and became an immediate success. Several small companies, like Steve’s Homemade Ice Cream and Shamitoff Foods, flourished briefly before falling or died altogether (Collis, 3). By 1995, Ben & Jerry’s was the number two maker of superpremium ice cream in the U. S with a market share of 43 percent; it was 30 percent in 1990 (Collis, 6). Haagen-Dazs was number one in addition to being the oldest and largest brand.There were many other small companies that ranked behind Ben & Jerry’s. It should continue to be innovative and follow the current trends. Many fast food restaurants now serve salads to keep up with the healthy eating trends. Many cola products are now low in carbohydrates. Ben & Jerry’s sho uld not abandon its mission, but should continue to adjust as necessary with the trends. Reference Collis, David J. Ben & Jerry’s Homemade Ice Cream Inc. : A Period of Transition. Harvard Business School. May 19, 2005.

The Treadway Tire Company

The Treadway Tire Company in Lima, Ohio is faced with rather difficult times. These difficulties however are not due to lack of work with a down recession, or concerned with too much demand and not enough capacity to fill it. These issues are deep within the company and affect the organization very seriously every day. The lack of training, ineffective leadership and employee communication are the problems challenging the Treadway Tire Company as well as contributing continuously to their increasing turnover rate for consecutive years. According to industry standards, your employees can contribute to the success of your company when they are trained to perform their jobs. Training typically consists of several classes onsite or at different location during orientation. Some companies consider in-depth training an unnecessary expense and expect new employees to learn on the job from supervisors and older employees. However, this type of training is often inadequate and creates problems for the business. (Amo, 2013) As a result, Ashley Wall should implement a formal, organized training program that will emphasize all aspects of plant operations and labor education. The advantage of implementing a training program is that the foreman will be better equipped to do their job more effectively thus heightening their psychological empowerment and increasing job satisfaction. My research also suggests leadership training, employee development and professional – level seminars and workshops demonstrate the employer’s interest in tapping current human resources for higher-level roles within the organization through promotion-from-within policies and succession of plans. Ineffective leadership results from employers’ failure to provide support for employees who demonstrate aptitude and interest in promotional opportunities. Promoting employees without the benefit of basic of basic leadership training puts the employer at risk for high turnover and low productivity. It’s akin to setting the supervisor up for failure and it jeopardizes employee-supervisor relationships. (Mayhew, 2013) It has been my understanding that leadership training and employee development can help the new supervisor understand how to balance their dual responsibilities – managing department functions and managing people. When considering Treadway Tire Company, without leadership training, however, the supervisor will fail because they did not receive the training needed and employees who report to them suffer because of potentially poor employee-supervisor relationships. Lastly, when we consider employee communication, employers who communicate regularly with employees lessen the risk of creating a workforce that feels undervalued and unappreciated. Keeping employees informed about organizational changes, staffing plans and fluctuating business demands is one way to ensure employees remain with the company. Neglecting employee concerns about job security through lack of communication or excluding employees for discussions that can affect their job performance, such as policy or procedural changes, negatively impacts the way employees view their employer. Their views transform to dissatisfaction and finally low productivity due to low morale and disengagement. (Mayhew, 2013) In relation to the problems with lack of communication in Treadway Tire Company, implementing some type of Foreman training program would be one of the most effective ways to solve their communication challenges. In conclusion, it is my belief that the challenges in training, ineffective leadership responsibilities and lack in communication can all be resolved by the implementation of a training program for all current and future foremen ensuring the company is managed properly. I would recommend at the conclusion of each training session, the employees should be asked for feedback about the program so that it can be enhanced by further development to meet the evolving needs of the company.ReferencesAmo, T. (2013). The Negative Effects of a Lack of Training in the Workplace | Chron.com. Retrieved from http://smallbusiness.chron.com/negative-effects-lack-training-workplace-45171.html Mayhew, R. (2013). What Are the Factors That Contribute to High Staff Turnover & Low Productivity? | Chron.com. Retrieved from http://smallbusiness.chron.com/factors-contribute-high-staff-turnover-low-pro